Published Paper Details:

Collagen, a vital structural protein found abundantly in connective tissues, has garnered significant attention in biomedical research due to its diverse applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery systems. Traditional methods of collagen extraction often involve harsh chemical treatments, leading to protein denaturation and reduced biological activity. This thesis explores innovative approaches to collagen protein extraction, focusing on techniques that preserve structural integrity and enhance bioactivity. The literature review highlights recent advancements in collagen extraction methods, including enzymatic hydrolysis and supercritical fluid extraction, which offer superior yield, purity, and retention of bioactivity compared to conventional methods. Methodological approaches for each extraction technique are detailed, outlining specific parameters and analytical methods for evaluating collagen quality. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of novel extraction methods in producing high-quality collagen with enhanced bioactivity, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and cell culture assays. Comparative analysis reveals the advantages of enzymatic hydrolysis and supercritical fluid extraction over traditional chemical methods, Creating a foundation for their broad acceptance and use in biomedical research and clinical applications. The findings of this thesis contribute to the advancement of collagen extraction technologies, providing researchers and provide clinicians with important insights into optimizing collagen production for various biomedical applications. Potential areas for future research involve investigating novel biomaterial formulations and scaffolding techniques to harness the full therapeutic potential of collagen in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This thesis explores recent advancements in collagen extraction techniques, with a focus on strategies aimed at optimizing yield, purity, and functional properties for biomedical applications. A comprehensive review of the literature elucid ates the evolution of collagen extraction methodologies, highlighting the strengths and the constraints of conventional approaches and the emergence of innovative methods that show potential for overcoming existing barriers. Enzymatic hydrolysis, a non-destructive method employing specific proteases to cleave peptide bonds within collagen molecules, has become popular due to its capability to produce high-quality collagen with minimal degradation and superior bioactivity. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), utilizing CO2 as a solvent under controlled pressure and temperature conditions, offers a solvent-free and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional extraction methods, resulting in collagen products of exceptional purity and stability. Methodological insights and experimental findings from comparative studies underscore the advantages of enzymatic hydrolysis and SFE over traditional chemical methods, demonstrating their efficacy in preserving the structural integrity and biological functionality of collagen. Analytical techniques such as SDS-PAGE, FTIR spectroscopy, and cell-based assays provide valuable insights into the composition, conformation, and bioactivity of extracted collagen, enabling researchers to optimize extraction protocols and customize collagen-based biomaterials for specific biomedical application.