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In Ayurveda, Pandu roga is a considered as a specific disease with its own Specific Nidana, Purvarupa, Rupa, Samporapati and Chikitsa. Thus an attempt has been made to study the disease Pandu roga according to Ayurvedic text. Pandu, is a disease characterized by pallor of body which strikingly resembles with 'Anaemia' of modern science, disease to reduction in number of RBCs per cu mm of Blood and quantity of Hb% resulting in pallor like other symptoms. The need for the discussion of Pandu roga becomes important due to the gravity of the problem. It is the commonest nutritional disorder all over the world and forms a major problem of mankind especially in a country like India due to low socio economic status, illiteracy and malnutrition in a major part of the population. It affects the physical and mental health of children, affects school performance and increases susceptibility to various infections. Further infants born to anaemic mothers have low Iron reserves and fall prey to Anaemia later in life with its adverse consequences. The word Anaemia in Greek means a lack of blood. Actually it is a Deficiency of haemoglobin and there are various grades of this deficiency. Anaemia is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in the world. As well as affecting a large number of children and women in developing countries. It is the only nutrient deficiency which is also significantly prevalent in industrialized countries. The number are staggering 2 billion people - over 30% of the world's population are Anaemic may due to iron - deficiency and in resource poor areas. Anaemia can result from a large number of causes, including nutritional Deficiencies, acute or slow loss of blood due to trauma or diseases, destruction of red blood cells due to various metabolic and immunological abnormalities or toxins, disease of the bone marrow, general systemic diseases like infections and various varieties of cancers, kidney failure because kidney produces an important hormone, erythropoietin, which is required to stimulate the bone marrow to produce red blood cells and finally there may be genetic abnormalities in the formation of the haemoglobin molecules itself. The best known examples of these abnormalities are Thalassemia and sickle cell disease. In this write-up we will mainly concern ourselves with the nutritional aspect of Anaemia because that is where public awareness can help in the prevention and treatment of this disease. A survey in Asia by World Health Organization showed that approximately 10% of men, more than 20% women (more than 40% during pregnancy); more than 50% of children of all ages and 92% of children below the age of two years suffer from Anaemia. In India 20-40% of the population, equally of all ages and either sexes have been suffering from Iron deficiency and nutritional anaemia. For its diffuse global spread IDA is recognized as a world health problem.