Abstract

Abstract : Covid-19 belongs to the family of Coronaviridae which has several variants like SARS, MERS, Omicron etc. that have the ability to spread infection. This is zoonotic infection. It can mainly affect the lungs or other respiratory parts. Some clinical trials are performed (Hong kong trial, Italian trial) for the analysis of the medicines/ treatment which one is more effective for covid-19 treatment. Detecting methods are also available for the confirmation of covid-19 infection. After detection and case study analysis, we observe that the homeopathic treatment is best for covid-19 infection alerts.

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Keywords : Covid-19, SARS, MERS, Zoonotic, Treatment, Homeopathy, Allopathy.

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Work life balance is the term used to describe the situation in which an individual has successfully managed to balance their work life demands with the needs of their personal life. In short, WLB has numerous positive effects including less stress, a lower risk of burnout & a greater sense of well- being.

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less stress, burnout

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Pantoprazole (Protonix) is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces gastric acid secretion. In combination with two antimicrobial agents (most commonly metronidazole, clarithromycin or amoxicillin) for 6-14 days, pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily produced Helicobacter pylori eradication rates of 71-93.8% (intent-to-treat [ITT] or modified ITT analysis) in patients without known antibacterial resistance. Pantoprazole-containing triple therapy was at least as effective as omeprazole- and similar in efficacy to lansoprazole-containing triple therapy in large trials. In the treatment of moderate to severe gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), oral pantoprazole 40 mg/day was as effective as other PPIs (omeprazole, omeprazole multiple unit pellet system, lansoprazole and esomeprazole) and significantly more effective than histamine H(2)-antagonists. Pantoprazole 20 mg/day provided effective mucosal healing in patients with GORD and mild oesophagitis. Intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg/day can be used in patients who are unable to take oral medication. Oral pantoprazole 20-40 mg/day for up to 24 months prevented relapse in most patients with healed GORD. According to preliminary data, oral pantoprazole 20 or 40 mg/day was effective at healing and preventing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related ulcers, and intravenous pantoprazole was at least as effective as intravenous ranitidine in preventing ulcer rebleeding after endoscopic haemostasis. Oral or intravenous pantoprazole up to 240 mg/day maintained target acid output levels in most patients with hypersecretory conditions, including Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Oral and intravenous pantoprazole appear to be well tolerated in patients with acid-related disorders in short- and long-term trials. Tolerability with oral pantoprazole was similar to that with other PPIs or histamine H(2)-antagonists in short-term trials. Formal drug interaction studies have not revealed any clinically significant interactions between pantoprazole and other agents. In conclusion, pantoprazole is an effective agent in the management of acid-related disorders. As a component of triple therapy for H. pylori eradication and as monotherapy for the healing of oesophagitis and maintenance of GORD, pantoprazole has shown similar efficacy to other PPIs and greater efficacy than histamine H(2)-antagonists. Limited data suggest that it is also effective in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and in preventing ulcer rebleeding. Pantoprazole is well tolerated with minimal potential for drug interactions. The availability of pantoprazole as both oral and intravenous formulations provides flexibility when the oral route of administration is not appropriate. Thus, pantoprazole is a valuable alternative to other PPIs in the treatment of acid-related disorders

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Pharmacovigilance pantoprazole OMEPRAZOL

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An attempt has been made in the present study to predict the default occurrence of selected pharmaceutical sector firms using MDA, Logit function and structural model. Study developed 2 models using MDA and Logit model, further study also evaluated the Altman original model and calibrated model by applying it on sample data of selected textile sector. The developed models have also been validated on the out-of-sample data. The study obtained satisfactory statistical results pertaining to the MDA and Logit developed models but not from Structural Model and Altman Z score model. Additionally, the classification results witnessed the following accuracies for MDA, Calibrated, Altman, Logit and Structural model such as 88%, 80%, 19%, 90% and 25%. The validation accuracies obtained by mda, calibrated and logit models are 37%, 37% and 92%.

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Altman Z score, Multiple Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, Structural Model, Default Prediction, Bankruptcy Prediction, NPA, and Corporate Default.

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Pharmacovigilance (PV) plays a key role in the healthcare system through assessment, monitoring and discovery of interactions amongst drugs and their effects in humans. Pharmaceutical and biotechnological medicines are designed to cure, prevent or treat diseases; however, there are also risks particularly adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can cause serious harm to patients. Thus, for safety medication ADRs monitoring is required for each medicine throughout its life cycle, during development of drugs such as pre-marketing including early stages of drug design, clinical trials, and post-marketing surveillance. PV is concerned with the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of ADRs. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are an indispensable part of clinical research. Variation in the human genome is a cause of variable response to drugs and susceptibility to diseases are determined, which is important for early drug discovery to PV. Moreover, PV has traditionally been involved in mining spontaneous reports submitted to national surveillance systems. The research focus is shifting toward the use of data generated from platforms outside the conventional framework such as electronic medical records, biomedical literature, and patient-reported data in health forums. The emerging trend in PV is to link Premarketing data with human safety information observed in the post-marketing phase. The PV system team obtains valuable additional information, building up the scientific data contained in the original report and making it more informative. This necessitates an utmost requirement for effective regulations of the drug approval process and conscious pre and post approval vigilance of the undesired effects, especially in India.

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Keywords: Contraindications, Indications, Pain management, Tramadol

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Pharmacovigilance deals with safety & monitoring of drugs for the purpose of detection of frequency of adverse drug reaction to improve patients’ healthcare & safety. Adverse drug reactions have been a large-scale problem in developing countries which brings pharmacovigilance as a major field in drug manufacturing & development. Pharmacovigilance is aimed at increasing reporting rates and minimizing adverse drug reactions. As pharmacovigilance is concerned with toxicology studies of drugs this study deals with the account of isoniazid (referred as first line anti tubercular drug) This review is concerned with data collected about toxicology & account of isoniazid.

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Pharmacovigilance, toxicology, isoniazid, adverse drug reaction, clinical trials

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Medicines and vaccines have transformed the prevention and treatment of diseases. In addition to their benefits, medicinal products may also have side effects, some of which may be undesirable and / or unexpected. Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other medicine/vaccine related problem. All medicines and vaccines undergo rigorous testing for safety and efficacy through clinical trials before they are authorized for use. However, the clinical trial process involves studying these products in a relatively small number of selected individuals for a short period of time. Certain side effects may only emerge once these products have been used by a heterogenous population, including people with other concurrent diseases, and over a long period of time. Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is not a documented cause of rhabdomyolysis in the Summaries of Product Characteristics held by major regulators. Diclofenac is a medication used in the management and treatment of inflammatory conditions and pain. It is in the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, administration, adverse effect profile, contraindications, and other key factors for diclofenac in the clinical setting pertinent to healthcare team members to treat and manage patients with inflammation-related conditions.

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contraindications, indication , Efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic of diclofenac .

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Pharmacovigilance promotes the safe and proper use of medications. Pharmacovigilance entails more than only assessing commercially available drugs and submitting this report to the national surveillance system. Pharmacovigilance efforts in India began far earlier than the launch of the country’s official pharmacovigilance programme (PVPI) In India, several scientists, doctors, and administrators contributed to the field of pharmacovigilance. Pharmacovigilance’s goal is to safeguard the public’s health by discovering, assessing, and limiting safety concerns to make sure that the benefits of all medications outweigh the risks. The drug rivastigmine is the main subject of pharmacovigilance, which has expanded from being a small activity in drug control to a large one. The medication aids in the safety of clinical trials, the efficacy of adverse drug reactions, the development of safety for correct usage, and the right communication of that information to a variety of relevant stakeholder groups. Clinical research requires pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogentics as essential components. This pharmacovigilance review is outlined in the current pharmacovigilance review article as objectives drugs parts of the non clinical and clinical safety specification, efficacy selection of medicines marketing and post marketing service surveillance report, and adverse drug reaction report.

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pharmacovigilance, Objectives, Types, Component, Clinical Research ,ICH guideline, Clinical and Non clinical Safety, Selection and Selling of drugs, Identify adverse drug reaction, Consumption report, ADR Monitoring Form

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Title: A Study to evaluate the effectiveness of balloon therapy on selected respiratory parameters among children with Acute respiratory tract infection in Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, Perambalur.Objective: To assess the level of acute respiratory tract infection before and after intervention in experimental and control group. To evaluate the effectiveness of balloon therapy on respiratory parameters among children with acute respiratory tract infection in experimental and control group. To find out the association between the post test level of respiratory parameters among children with acute respiratory tract infection with their selected demographic variables in experimental and control group. Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test level of respiratory parameters among children with acute respiratory tract infection in experimental group and control group. There is a significant effectiveness of balloon therapy on respiratory parameters among children with acute respiratory tract infection in experimental and control group. There is a significant association between the post test level of balloon therapy on respiratory parameters with selected demographic variables between the experimental group and control group. Conceptual Frame Work: Nola.J.Pender�s Health Promotion Model (2002-Revised). Research Design: Quasi experimental factorial design. Setting: Patients in DSMCH, Perambalur. Sample: Sampling were totally 30 children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection, 15 samples were split for Experimental Group and 15 samples were taken for Control group. Sampling Technique: Convenient sampling technique. Intervention: In Experimental Group 53% of them have age group with 6 to 8 years. 73% of the respondents from the female group. 40% of them type of family group are from joint family and nuclear family. 40% of them third child. 53% of them from rural locality. 47% of them were no prior infection. In Control Group 67% of them have age group with 6 to 8 years. 60% of the respondents from the female group. 53% of them type of family group are from joint family. 40% of them first child. 73% of them from rural locality. 60% of them were no prior infection. Result: After Intervention 53% of them have average level of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection. 33% of them Good improved level on Acute Respiratory Tract Infection after the intervention. 13% of them have poor improvement after intervention. Without Intervention There is no improvement Acute Respiratory Tract Infection. Conclusion: School age children�s with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection have only average and good level of socio activities. Balloon therapy was effective in improving level of activity like Respiratory parameters.

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COPD

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The Chanderi Hill Fort of Central India was built by Hindu Pratihar King Kirti Pal in 11th Century AD. It is also known as Kirti Fort in his name. The present Chanderi Township of Ashok Nagar district, M.P. was the capital of his reign. Earlier to Vedic period, the Chanderi region was ruled by King Shishupal, mentioned in Hindu Epic Mahabharata. It had been located strategically on the border of Malwa and Bundelkhand and connected Ancient Trade Route (ATR) from Central India to sea ports of Gujarat via. Malwa, Mewar, Deccan. The aim of study is multidisciplinary to elaborate the scientific interpretation of physical domain, terrain and landscape characteristics, correlation with the Histo-Archaeological, Architectural features of Hindu Arts and Cultural Heritages of Chanderi region and its tourism prospects. Under methodology, the Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery Data (2020-2021) have been utilized for demarcation of natural features and manmade physical structures, geomorphic, geologic units, settlement etc. and correlated with existing literatures records of the region. The study indicates that the Medieval Urban Settlement layout Plan of Chanderi Township evolved Ancient Hindu Vastushastra representing Vashtu Purusha Mandla with main axis orientation in stone walled fortified Ander Shahar (Inner Township). The Architectural Characteristics reveals the artistic carvings and decoration on Facades, Palaces, Havelis, Religeous Hindu Temples, Monuments shows mature Architectural style and Cultural Heritages of Medieval Rajputana period. The monuments including Kirti Fort, Havelis, Palace Badal Mahal, Gateways Mata Jageshwari Temple, religious places, Caves, reservoir of Rajghat dam etc. are major attractions for tourist and pilgrimages. Some effective protective measures are required under caretaking of professional environmentalist, archeologist, architects, historians with the help of NGO’s and public- participation of Chanderi Community. It will rise the Tourism Prospects of ancient cultural, religious heritage and Traditional Silk Trade Centre of Malwa region.

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KIRTI FORT, PRATIHAR KING, RANA SANGA, MEDIEVAL CENTRAL INDIA, BUNDELA ARCHITECTURE, CHANDERI SILK, MATA JAGESHWARI TEMPLE, VINDHYAN SANDSTONE, ANCIENT TOWN, TOURISM, MONUMENT, CAVE, BETWA RIVER, CONSERVATION, HERITAGES.

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Banking is one (if not the) most creative industry in the world, a biased opinion perhaps, but I believe apt for the question. Technology has provided another avenue for this creativity and it is just starting to be realized. Companies like Rocket Mortgage, Robinhood, Square, Ant Financial, etc. are providing a completely different view on what financial services are, and how they will be delivered. Beyond the pure technology is the impact that it is having on business models of banks and other financial services providers. Banks now make less than half of the mortgage loans in the US for example. The next phase of technology will likely be a little less obvious to consumers, as automation is applied to all types of processes and back office operations. Those companies and individuals with an understanding of technology and financial services will continue to change the way banking is considered Banking can�t survive today without technology. Needless to say, what technology has done to us and how easy the life has become. Let�s go back to the era where there were no ATM�s, can someway tell me how life was at that point of time and how life is today. The same goes for things that we can do online these days; I don�t remember going in the last 4 years. This has all happened because technology is playing a huge role in banking nowadays. You remove the word technology from banking and I can guarantee things will work but the banks will feel paralyzed. This is called impact.

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This particular paper is about the impact of technological operations in Public and Private Sector banks

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ABSTRACT A human life is divided into five main stages mainly infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. Among this early childhood is considered as one of the most important and precious time between the attainment of adulthood. The first five years of life are critical for child development and it entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes occur. During the development stage they require adequate nutrients which influencing the growth and immunity. If they are not fulfilled with adequate requirement they suffer from certain deficiency disorders. The ministry of health, government of India, central health council launch programs aimed at controlling or eradicating diseases which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in India. RESULT: The study reveals that knowledge regarding selected national child health scheme among general population in rural and urban areas at Nagpur district, 3% of general population had poor knowledge, 17% of general population had average knowledge, 48% 0f general population had good knowledge, 25% of general population had very good knowledge and 7% of general population had excellent knowledge. Chi square test is used to assess the association between level of knowledge and demographic variable that is age, gender, residence and source of information. Out of these demographic variable, residence is found to be significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding selected national child health scheme. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the knowledge regarding selected national child health schemes among general population in rural and urban areas at Nagpur district and demographic variables, 3% of general population had poor knowledge, 17% of general population had average knowledge, 48% 0f general population had good knowledge, 25% of general population had very good knowledge and 7% of general population had excellent knowledge.

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scheme, child health, programs, knowledge, general population

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Asset Liability Management is one of the important process and the significant function through which the banks manage their balance sheet effectively. This helps the banks in mitigating their exposure to liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, etc. and maximize the profitability of the bank. The job of ALM is carried out prudently by the ALCO of banks�. The significance of ALM increased with the deregulation of interest rates, increasing competition in the financial markets and the volatility in interest rates in the market. The present study is to analyse asset liability mismatches, emphasize how the Net Interest Income of top 7 public sector banks is impacted with interest rate changes and how the banks can manage their interest rate risk with the help of Gap Analysis. The study also includes sensitivity analysis for interest rate changes.

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Asset Liability Management, Gap Analysis, Interest rate risk, Net Interest Income

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ABSTRACT In December 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, sparking an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) in humans, centred in Wuhan, China1. Within three months, the virus had spread to more than 118,000 cases and caused 4,291 deaths in 114 countries, leading the World Health Organization to declare a global pandemic. The pandemic has led to a massive global public health campaign to slow the spread of the virus by increasing hand washing, reducing face touching, wearing masks in public and physical distancing.(10) METHODOLOGY: This study was conducted on 100 general population at selected areas at Nagpur district. In this study, Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Data regarding selected demographic variables are measured and recorded. RESULT:This study was revealed that out of 100 general population at selected areas at Nagpur district. In this study, Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Data regarding selected demographic variables are measured and recorded. CONCLUSION:The study was done by using the tool self structured checklist to assess the impact regarding covid-19 pandemic on mental health among the general population.

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Impact of COVID-19, SARS, mental health, anxiety, depression, physical health, spiritual

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The performance of AWGN and Rayleigh fading channel with different subcarriers frequencies and channel capacity has been analyzed to show the BER performance indifferent condition. The performance clearly indicates the impact of our proposed system. It shows that the BER ratio may be decreased in case of increasing the channel subcarriers and the transmission strength is good. The performance of the multi-carrier transmission modulation scheme that uses multi-carrier transmission with OFDM have been analyzed with the BER ratio. The results show that that the increasing N can reduce the error and the channel strength is good. The results based on CFO have been considered also. It shows the degradation invoked by noise and non-ideal channel. Its shows the transmitting and receiving frequency mismatch and error chances can be recorded to show the system performance. In our case 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 QAM based single carrier have been considered for CFO and 16, 32, 64 and 128 for BER performance.

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Keywords: BER, CFO, DWT, FFT, ICI, IDWT, IFFT, ISI, OFDM

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Wildlife has been considered as integral part of physical ecosystem being rich with her natural beauty and inherent some of the most rare species one can even found in the whole world. India in particular endows a rich account of wild life. This great natural resource comprises of about 8125 species of animals, among which 372 species of mammals, 1228 species of birds, 446 reptiles, 204 are amphibians, 2546 are fishes, 5050 are mollusks and 60383 are insects species.

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Wild Life, Mammals, Birds Insects, Species

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This paper critically analyses the procedural changes introduced by the amendment to the Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (hereinafter, the �Act�), effected in the aftermath of the Nirbhaya case. In particular, it will assess the import and scope of the amended sections 15, 18 through 21, read with other relevant provisions and rules of the Act. There emerge inadvertent legislative omissions in the amended Act that have resulted in a fatal anomaly, whereby the Juvenile Justice Board, which is presided over by a Magistrate First Class, is presently empowered to try a juvenile of- fender above the age of 16 and below 18, for heinous offences punishable by death. Crucially, no guidelines have been defined for the conduct of a �preliminary assessment� into the mental and physical capacity of the accused juvenile to commit the alleged heinous offence, nor any minimum standards or eligibility criterion prescribed for the qualification of the psychological �experts� whom the Magistrate is empowered to consult during the said assessment. Moreover, no such guidelines particular to the Indian context exist, nor have any qualification criterion for such psychological �experts� been prescribed by the various bodies governing psychological and psychiatric care, which are conspicuously silent on this subject. Furthermore, in cases where an offence is alleged under other special legislation such as the POCSO Act, there is a clash of jurisdiction. The exercise of power and jurisdiction u/S.15(2) of the JJ Act by a Presiding officer of the JJB necessarily results in the ouster of the jurisdiction of a designated Special Court of Session under POCSO Act, which is otherwise exclusively empowered to try POCSO offences directly impacting the quantum of sentence. This raises serious questions about arbitrariness, fundamental rights and due process, and grave doubts about the efficacy of the amendment.

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Juvenile Justice, Mental Capacity, Preliminary Assessment, Heinous Offence

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Climate change is causing a slew of challenges for the world .COVID-19, a newly developing zoonotic illness with likely bat origins that has infected millions of people and had severe global repercussions, was highlighted. For successful prevention and control of probable zoonosis, it is highly advised that One Health procedures be used. With a focus on the potential influence of climate change on natural animal and human systems, greater predictions and mitigations for how such consequences would vector born and zoonotic illnesses in humans and animals will be possible. Climate change has a number of negative consequences for agriculture, water resources, forests and biodiversity, health, coastal management, and temperature rise. Many helminthic, bacterial, viral, and protozoan parasitic diseases, as well as insect and ectoparasitic vectors that impact both animals and people, are affected by climate and weather.

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Climate change, vector born, zoonotic diseases, etiology

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Chronic neck pain is most common problem in people nowadays. Chronic neck pain can have causes such as working for hours over computer and mobile phones which eventually causes muscle strains.

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Chronic neck pain, VAS scale, NDI scale, college students

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Water is the second most significant requirement for life to exist after air. Accordingly, water quality has been depicted broadly in the logical writing. The most well-known meaning of water quality is "it is the physical, chemical, and biological parameter of water". This work undertaken as a water quality studies in urban lakes project to investigate the use of remote sensing in water quality studies. The lakes of study were chosen based on analyzing weightage ranking method. Among them polluted lakes were considered for the study. The main objective of the study is to Estimation of water quality parameters using satellite image and lab analysis. The water quality parameters are Turbidity (TU), Total suspended solids (TSS), pH, and Dissolved oxygen (DO). These parameters can indicate water quality of lakes and shows the distribution of pollutants. The project period at RRSC-South was from May � September 2022. The first part of this study involve the Prioritization of Bengaluru urban lakes for study of water quality, The selection of lakes was done by applying weightage ranking method. Also water samples were collected during field visit, lab analysis also done for collected samples with standard method. Then in second part of the study is selection of best band indexing from sentinel 2A MSI satellite image. In this part different band indexing were applied with lab analysis of each quality parameters to get best fit linear regression model, after getting suitable regression model water quality parameter estimated. Then RMSE, BIAS, MAPD are calculated and mapping done for each estimated Water quality parameters. So in this study by using Sentinel 2A MSI satellite image, Turbidity and Total suspended solid gives less than 60% accuracy, for pH and Dissolved oxygen gives more than 80% accuracy. As per this study sentinel 2A MSI satellite image is the suitable for the estimation of pH and Dissolved oxygen.

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Keywords: Water Quality, Band Index, Statistical Models, Regression Analysis, Reflectance, Sentinel-2 MSI.

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Vegetation extraction from remote sensing imagery is the process of extracting vegetation information by interpreting satellite images based on the interpretation elements such as the image colour, texture, tone, pattern and association information. The vegetation maps are critical for understanding biodiversity management and planning from local to global scales. There are two essential elements of vegetation maps that are based on classification of vegetation and spatial attribution of that classification. The difference between these vegetation cover can be done with using remote sensing and GIS. Remote sensing classification is an essential technique for mapping forest vegetation attributes like floristic composition, biomass, tree density etc. that addresses the considerable logistical challenge of measuring, mapping and monitoring across very large areas in an accurate, repeatable and cost-effective way. The most basic method is identifying plant communities or species is to create a vegetation map. Machine learning (ML) is a subdivision of artificial intelligence in which the machine learns from machine-readable data and information. It uses data, learns the pattern and predicts the new outcomes. Its popularity is growing because it helps to understand the trend and provides a solution that can be either a model or a product. This study is carried out to perform various machine learning algorithms for vegetation classification using remote sensing and ancillary spatial data across a heterogenous forest ecosystem in Virajpet Taluk, Kodagu district. The recently developed sentinel-2 satellite imagery holds great potential for improving the vegetation type classification at medium to large scales due to the concurrent availability of multispectral bands with high spatial resolution and quick revisit time. A study is classifying using Supervised classification, a type of machine learning technique. To perform the supervised classification, training samples have been generated using ARCGIS to run the spatial model in ERDAS software. The machine learning algorithm such as support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), Navies Bayes and CART were used to classify. In terms of classification accuracy, a combination of these parameters was tested: The number of trees (NT), the variables per split (VPS) and the Bag Fraction (BF). Thus, this studies key contribution is classification of vegetation types and how the ML techniques are an efficient approach to map different land use and land cover classes, including different vegetation types and demonstrated that some algorithms perform this task with higher accuracy than the others. In our investigation, the RF algorithm chieved satisfactory results when compared with others and characterized with more accurate rate and less error rate.

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keywords: Multispectral bands, Random Forest, Machine Learning, SVM, Forest Classification.

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This paper describes Program Management activities in an aerospace industry is consolidated in the form of a document which happened during operational phase of a project. Proposal for workflow of Program management is also represented in this paper.

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Program management

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The widespread, colloquial understanding of the term �democracy� is �rule by majority�. So when was the last time any ruling party in India won a national �majority�? Never. Rule 64 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, mandates that the winner of an election to a Parliamentary Constituency in the Lok Sabha shall be �the candidate with the most votes�. That is, a candidate with the �plurality� of votes is elected, which is distinct from a �major- ity� (50%+). This system of voting is colloquially referred to as �First Past the Post� (FPP). However, a significant number of candidates/parties fail to secure a true majority (50%+1) of votes even at the constituency level. Thus, a �majority� in Parliament is actually merely the aggregation of this constituency-level �plurality�. It does not constitute a majority of the overall votes polled at either the constituency level or the national level. On average, 51% of all constituencies in all general elections since 1962 returned candidates who did not secure a majority (50%+) of the votes in their own constituencies. Thus, constituencies have rou- tinely come to be represented by MP�s who were, themselves, not chosen by the majority. Or worse, rejected by the majority. Apart from the fact that FPP yields disproportionate results, the system also- - favours established political parties, - engenders corrupt practices - encourages �strategic voting� - incentivises divisive identity politics; - is incurably biased, - is prone to results that are unjustifiably incommensurate with the vote distribution - frequently �wastes� two thirds of the total vote. FPP infringes the fundamental right of freedom of expression through the ballot, impedes the constitutional right to effective representation and violates the cardinal principle of democ- racy, �rule by majority�. In so doing, FPP (Rule 64) is ultra vires Art.13, 14, 19(1)(a) and 21 of the Constitution of India.

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Public Choice, Plurality, Majority, Representation

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This Paper deals some generalized concepts on membrane behavior. Membrane classification and classification based on pore size are mentioned. Transport through the membrane is arranged in terms of active transport, passive transport, facilitated diffusion etc. Transport process driven by concentration gradient is cited with ion transport and concentration. A short accounts of Ultrafiltration, /Reverse-Osmosis, Nanofiltration processes are given. Factor affecting transport across membranes, membrane-solutioninteraction, time dependent flux, the concentration polarization, and mass transfer coefficient are discussed. Diffusion potential and applications of the membrane are included in this chapter. Various membrane processes, e.g. electrodialysis, piezodialysis, hemodialysis etc. are cited in this chapter. Polymers/ resins used for the membrane preparation are also mentioned.

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Membranes,Transport

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BACKGROUND: The chronic pain is define as the chronic lower back pain is established by the persistence of pain beyond 3 month of symptoms. The reason for chronic low back pain are multi factorial which include reduce physical activity, food habit, occupation, under lying disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the attitude and beliefs regarding physical activity and Exercise in patients who are suffering from chronic low back pain. METHOD: For this literature review, we used standard search strategies involving to quarrying of online data based MEDLINE (Pub med), Google scholar, Sci-hub and PEDRO using key words followed by evaluation of the relevant articles. we used key words �Chronic low back pain�, �Attitude and belief towards physical activity and exercise�. RESULT : We have reviewed 25 articles to understand the attitude and belief towards physical activity and exercise in patient with chronic low back pain. The people those who are having chronic low back pain are less active than the normal individual because chronic pain bother them to performed there physical activity. CONCLUSION: : Majority of available literature review suggest that patient with chronic low back pain often present dysfunctional beliefs and attitude in relation to pain. A large population subjects believed that they need to protect their back to prevent injury: Which shows that this belief may result in reduce confidence to use the back and contribute to fear avoidance.

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Chroniclowbackpain�,�Attitudeandbelieftowardsphysicalactivity and exercise

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Background: Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity Isn’t just a cosmetic concern. An obese patient is at risk of developing diseases such as: Coronary heart disease , High blood pressure, Heart failure, Diabetes mellitus, Stroke, Body fat abnormalities, Metabolic syndrome, Menstrual issues, leading to infertility, osteoarthritis, and hypoxemia. Zumba is a fitness program that involves cardio and Latin-inspired dance. Zumba choreography is composed using all or some of sixteen core steps. There are four basic rhythms: salsa, reggaeton, merengue, and cumbia each basic rhythm has four core steps. Aerobic exercise is any type of cardiovascular conditioning. It can include activities like brisk walking, swimming, running, or cycling. Your breathing and heart rate will increase during aerobic activities. Methology: It is a comparative study with pre-test and post-test design. 30 subjects in between the age of 25 to 40 years with obesity were allocated into two different groups. The body mass index (BMI) was evaluated before and after the test. All the participants performed low-impact aerobic exercise and zumba dance for 4 weeks. Result: At the end of the study, the BMI mean and SD of group1 is 19.512 and 1.839 respectively, whereas the mean BMI and SD of group 2 is 21.158 and 1.727 respectively, and their difference mean BMI and SD is 2.006 and 0.112 respectively. Conclusion: At the end of the study, it has been concluded that low-impact aerobic exercise is more effective than Zumba dance on body fat percentage in patients with obesity.

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Zumba, aerobic exercise, obesity

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TITLE: EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE VERSUS STATIC STRETCHING IN SUBJECT WITH TIGHT PIRIFORMIS IN MALE OFFICE GOING SUBJECTS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. BACKGROUND: Piriformis tightness is an uncommon problem within our society affecting individual�s physical and social functioning and interfering sufferer�s daily activities. The tightness is very difficult to diagnose in an early period due to lack to symptoms. But this leads to reduction of ROM and affects flexibility. If not diagnose earlier than it may exacerbate to Pirifromis Syndrome. This study is helpful for both diagnosis of Pirifromis tightness and to release the tightened structures using MET and Static Stretching. METHODOLOGY: Subjects will be selected based on the inclusion criteria from various hospitals of Ahmedabad. LEFS will be used to determine the present condition of the subjects. Then the subjects will be divided into 2 groups using convenience sampling method. Group A comprised of 15 subjects will be given MET for 4 weeks, 7 sessions per week with 10-15 minutes of treatment time. Group B comprised of 15 subjects will be given Static stretching for 4 weeks, 7 sessions per week with 10-15 minutes of treatment time. RESULT: On comparing the Mean values of Group A & Group B on ROM & LEFS, group A showed a highly significant difference in Mean values at P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The study reveals that Muscle Energy Technique is more effective comparing to Static Stretching for subjects with tight piriformis muscle.

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Piriformis syndrome, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Muscle energy techniques (MET), static stretching

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ABSTRACT TITLE: ACUTE EFFECT OF SCAPULAR PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATIONS TECHNIQUE VERSUS CLASSIC SHOULDER EXERCISES IN ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS BACKGROUND: Frozen Shoulder Is An Idiopathic Diseases Characterized By Fibrosis, Decrease Volume Of The Glenoid Capsule, And Progressive Pain With Loss Of ROM. SCAPULAR PNF TECHNQUES : PNF Is A Treatment Concept With Four Theoretical Mechanisms, Referred To As Autogenic Inhibition, Reciprocal Inhibition, Stress Relaxation, And The Gate Control Theory, That Enhance ROM And Muscle Activation. PNF Has An Positive Effect On Pain, Muscle Strength. CLASSIC SHOULDER EXERCIES : ? Strengthening exercises : � Codman Pendulum exercises. � Wand ( stick ) exercises. � Pulley exercises. � Finger walk. � Resisted Exercise With Theraband � OBJECTIVES: � To Determine The Acute Effect Of Scapular PNF Techniques With Tens In Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis. � To Determine The Acute Effect Of Classic Shoulder Exercises With Tens In Patients With Frozen Shoulder. � To Compare The Acute Effect Between The Scapular PNF Techniques With Tens And Classic Shoulder Exercises With Tens In Patients With Adhesive Capsulitis.

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AC: Adhesive Capsulitis ROM: Range Of Motion GH: Glenohumeral PNF: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Function VAS: Visual Analogue Scale LSST: Lateral Scapular Slide Test

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Some studies have demonstrated that physiotherapists have a high prevalence of LBP. The association between physiotherapy students, who are potentially exposed to the same LBP occupational risks as graduates and LBP has never been demonstrated. The objective of the study is to evaluate the association between physiotherapy students and LBP. METHODOLOGY: The study design includes a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted among 202 physiotherapy and medical students from different colleges. Data was collected by mixed type of questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis which focused through table, pie and bar chart. Data were numerically coded and analysed through SPSS software program version 24 RESULT: LBP was measured as lifetime, 1-year and point prevalence. 56.93% (115) of the students had LBP at some point in their lives, 29.20% (59) in the last year and 13.86% (28) of them reported they were suffering from LBP at the moment of answering the questionnaire. Among all the participants in relation to duration of pain 65.34% (132) students experienced Acute LBP; 17.32% (35) students experienced Sub-acute LBP and 17.32% (35) students experienced Chronic LBP. CONCLUSION: In this survey there was a high prevalence of LBP among physiotherapy students compared to medical students. Physiotherapist must focus on proper technique posture and adhere to a regimen of self-care to reduce the risk of pain.

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Low back pain, Occupational diseases, Risk factor, Physiotherapy, Students

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Software quality estimation is an activity needed at various stages of software development.It may be used for planning the project quality assurance practices and for benchmarking.In earlier previous studies,two methods multiple criteria linear programming and multiple criteria quadratic programming for estimating the quality of software had been used.Also,C5.0,SVM and Neural network were experimented with for quality estimation.These studies have relatively low accuracies.In this study we aimed to improve estimation accuracy by using relevant features of a large dataset.We used a feature selection method and correlation matrix for reaching higher accuracies.

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Estimation,Machine learning,Software quality

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Nationally and internationally there have been several attempts at the adoption of modern technologies in elections. This had a profound effect on the very administration of democracy per se. While some countries have wholeheartedly adopted modern technologies in elections, such as India, Estonia, New Zealand etc., others have regressed and reverted to more traditional forms of paper balloting, such as the Netherlands. There are obviously arguments, both favouring and opposing, the large-scale adoption of modern technology in elections, with strong advocates on both sides. However, there is a paucity of literature sufficiently documenting these arguments, particularly from the Indian perspective. Instead, the current discourse on electronic voting and counting technologies is scattered with various terms and phrases � electronic voting machines, e-voting, e-enabled elections, remote voting, precinct count optical scanning, etc. Lost in all the technological jargon is the realisation that it is not merely technology but also the critical legal framework that provides the foundation upon which any technological advances in the field of elections must necessarily be constructed. As such, an evaluation of the laws and jurisprudence pertaining to election related technologies is necessary. Furthermore, in order to develop a holistic perspective, it is equally necessary to evaluate the experiences of other democracies in a similar light. With the adoption of electronic voting machines EVM�s and the introduction of VVPAT in India, the pathway to full digitalisation of parliamentary elections has opened up making progress in this direction not only possible but desirable and inevitable. However, there is a palpable dearth of literature, comparative analyses, law reviews and technological assessments in this regard. This necessitates stock-taking exercise and review of the experiences, technologies and laws pertaining to digital elections both in India and abroad. This research paper makes an attempt at such an appraisal.

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Election Reform, Technology, EVM, Right to Vote, Digital Democracy

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Consumer preferences are defined as the subjectives individual tastes as measured by utility of varies bundles of goods according to the levels of utility they give the consumer. Note that preferences are independent of income and prices.

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Retailing, Brand, customer behaviour intension the data was collected from customers with in the metropolitan area of Bloemfontein. The study of examines the relative effectiveness of traditional advertising and customer acquisition.

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In the following study the G + 3 Building has a Solid Slab compared to the economic Voided Slab. Plastic voided slabs provide comparable load carrying capacity to traditional flat plate concrete slabs but weigh extensively much less. discusses traditional flat plate reinforced concrete slabs by describing how the slabs are constructed and resulting advantages and disadvantages of this construction. Before plastic voided slabs can be fully understood, a thorough knowledge of Solid reinforced concrete slabs- behavior, failure mechanisms, design, and limitations- is critical. When designing a reinforced concrete structure, the main design limit is the length of the slab between the columns. Then according to the specified criteria assigned it analysis the structure and design the members withreinforcement details for reinforced concrete frames.Building Building construction is the engineering deals with the construction of building such as residential houses. The design procedure and failure mechanisms for solid slabs are also described, whereas discusses the principles of voided slabs that led to the eventual invention of plastic voided slabs including previous applications of voided slab principles. Plastic voided slabs dispose of concrete from non-essential regions and update the eliminated concrete with hollow plastic void formers at the same time as reaching similar load capacity as solid slabs. A brand new method to reduce the burden of concrete structures and growth the spans of way strengthened concrete slab systems turned into evolved in the Nineteen Nineties in Europe and is gaining reputation and attractiveness worldwide. Everyone wants to have a comfortable home on average, usually spending two thirds of their life in the house. The structure of a building is a three-dimensional structure consisting of a column, beams and slabs due to population growth, higher structures are required. This weight loss creates many advantages that ought to be taken into consideration by engineers figuring out the structural gadget of the building.

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voided slab

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�Perceived Stress And Fatigue Among College Students In Post-Covid-19 Era Of Vadodara District: A Cross-Sectional Study.� (Authors- Srushti Desai, Rushikesh K. Joshi, Happy Patel, Arti Chudasama, Kamil Mehdi Lafawala) ABSTRACT Aim: To determine the prevalence of Perceived Stress and Fatigue among College Students in Post-Covid-19 Era of Vadodara District. Methods: The proposed sample was 207, and calculated using the �Statulator Sample Size Calculator tool�, at confidence level 95%. Considering the non-response rate, the form was circulated to a total of 250 students, from colleges of Drs. Kiran & Pallavi Patel Global University (KPGU), Vadodara and Maharaja Sayajirao University (MSU), Vadodara, combined, following the inclusion and exclusion criterion. The present study was conducted through an online survey. A Questionnaire was drafted with Google forms and distributed among the participants of the purposive sample, within students of KPGU and MSU.. The perceived stress and fatigue scores were assessed by instruments PSS-10 and FAS scales. Descriptive Statistics are presented as Qualitative data as Frequency/Percentage and Quantitative data as Frequency Distribution, Mean Distribution and Standard Deviation (SD) with 95% confidence level (CI) for normative distribution. Results: Scores obtained were measured to be high (extreme fatigue) among 22.9% college students and moderate for 75.2% of college students. Only 1.9% of students were measured to have low fatigue scores. Perceived Stress scores were recorded amongst the participants using the PSS-10 to be high among 18.6% respondent students and moderate among 60% respondent students. Only 21.4% of students reported low scores of perceived stresses. Conclusion: The current study found significant persistence of fatigue and perceived stress among college students of Vadodara. Majority of the population reported having moderate-to-high levels of fatigue and/or stress. Female students share a disposition to greater stress while male students seem to be more receptive to fatigability. Furthermore, youngsters in the middle years of their degree programme displayed more signs of stress and fatigue than those fresh in the curriculum or the ones completing their final years. Key words: Perceived stress, Fatigue, COVID-19, FAS, PSS-10

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Perceived stress, Fatigue, COVID-19, FAS, PSS-10

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Hepatitis is a serious health risk now-a-days and needs advancement in its treatment against increasing problems of the drug efficacy and the existence of the resistant virus. Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver. It is commonly caused by a virus. Viral infections of the liver include Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E. A different type of virus is responsible for causing various types of Hepatitis disease. Various vaccines are available for treating the Hepatitis. In the present study, the problems of designing an efficient drug were solved using various computer aided tools. With the help of tools like NetCTL and IEDB(Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource), various epitopes have been identified, that can be used as ligands for the construction of a drug. Three-dimensional modelling of the selected epitope sequences was done using PEPFOLD and PHYRE softwares.

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hepatitis, Vaccine, T-cell, Epitope

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Social Media have provided new opportunities to consumer to engage in an social interaction on internet. Now a days, Consumers use social media to online communities, to generate content and to network with other users. The social media have changed the power structure at the place where goods sold and purchased online with marketing tools and techniques. The study observed that consumers are adapting to online marketing and their buying behaviour is being influenced accordingly. The aim of this paper is to study the impact of social media on consumer buying behaviour.

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social media, consumer behaviour, decision making process

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Concrete is one of the most popular building materials and has a great capacity for consuming industrial pollutants. Use of waste and by-product materials as cement and aggregate substitutes in concrete is one of the most efficient ways to lessen the unfavorable environmental impact of concrete as demand for it rises. One of these waste products is fly ash, which is created in enormous amounts as a byproduct from thermal power plants. Fly ash is frequently not utilized, which causes issues with storage and the environment. A practical way to get rid of fly ash in big amounts is to use it to make lightweight aggregate. The manufacturing and application of lightweight aggregate in structural concrete are not frequently considered since there is a lack of a good mix design technique. When establishing the mix proportioning for light weight concretes, the absorption property of lightweight aggregate is a crucial problem. The goal of the current study is to develop a novel mix design approach for the creation of fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete that is both easier to use and more dependable than the current methods. Additionally, a spectrum of concretes with water cement ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.75 have been developed to validate the suggested methodology. It is clear from the study that cement alone, without the use of super plasticizers, can be used to create concrete with more strength than the conventional concrete. Additionally, it is made sure that no concrete has a density greater than 2000 kg/m3. Fly ash waste light weight aggregate and super plasticizers conplast wl extra were used for specimens by 10, 20, 30, and 40%, respectively. Standard 150x150x150mm cubes were cast for 7, 14, and 28 days, and their compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths were evaluated

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Cement, Natural Sand, Coarse aggregate, Conplast WL XTRA, Compressive Strength , Split Tensile Strength, Flexural Strength

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�Punishment itself was an evil, however an important evil�- setting the perpetrator to loss of life to educate other minds a lesson. � Bentham Anybody is privy to the essential function of human behavior i.e. love for existence. It is the most treasured wealth for an individual and not best a man or women, however additionally for an animal, even an animal does not want to lose the existence. For a person not anything may be beloved than life sentence and death penalty is that type of punishment that takes this loved one assets.

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CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DELAY IN EXECUTION OF DEATH SENTENCE

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ABSTRACT This study looked into the lived experience of English teachers and intermediate learners from selected public and private schools in the Second District of Laguna as to the utilization of differentiated instruction in their online classes. The study explored the experiences, challenges, and coping strategies of selected ten English teachers and ten selected intermediate learners. As an output of the study, an activity guide entitled Differentiated Instruction (DI) Menu with lists of activities that will guide teachers in utilizing differentiated instruction and address the diversity of students in English class was proposed. The research design used was qualitative with phenomenology as an approach. Using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the study generated six superordinate themes namely, Technology Aided Strategies, Reactions to Differentiated Tasks, Motivation and Follow-Up Praises, Conventional and Online Activities, Problems Faced in Conducting Differentiated Tasks, and Various Coping Strategies. Students are really diverse in nature which is why teachers accommodate this diversity by means of differentiated instruction. The utilization of differentiated instruction in an online class gains positive responses from the teachers and students, so teachers use this strategy continuously. However, they encounter challenges in the utilization that may affect the quality of education but apply various strategies to cope with these. They continuously seek improvement to make their skills better. Lastly, they use their experiences as a guide in dealing with life and challenges which help them to be flexible and capable enough to adapt to any situation and succeed in their paths.

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teaching, learning, differentiated instruction, English

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ABSTRACT The fundamental law of the land of any nation is its Constitution. Consequently Constitutional Law is a subject of paramount importance. Every Constitution provide for its �amendment�. It is made with a view to overcome the difficulties which may encounter in future in the working of the constitution. I felt the need of doing this research work as to sufficiently and clearly understand the basic procedure for bringing any change in the constitution through the concept of constitutional amendment in different countries such as U.S.A., U.K., Australia and Canada with special reference to the Constitution of India. In dealing with this subject of my research, I have also come across the concept of the �Doctrine of Judicial Review� being used by different constitutional machineries of some of the world constitutions in determining the competency of such constitutional amendments. However there are some constitutions which do not provides for its judicial review. Then how such countries carried out the process to determine the constitutionality of any constitutional amendments undertaken by them? I have tried to explain the answer to the question in a plain manner in my research work in the best possible extent and as per my capability of fair understanding of such subject for which I have researched for. I crave the indulgence of the readers of any error or imperfection which might have, despite the best possible endeavors�, crept in this research work. Any suggestion, correction or improvement of my research work in this work shall be gratefully welcomed.

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JUDICIAL REVEIEW

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Car parking is a major issue in modern congested cities of today. There simply are too many vehicles on the road and not enough parking spaces. We led to the need for efficient parking management systems. This we demonstrate the use of IOT based parking management system that allows for efficient parking space utilization using IOT technology. To demonstrate the concept, we use IR sensors for sensing parking slot occupancy along with a dc motor to simulate as gate opener motors. We now use a Wi-Fi modem for internet connectivity and a microcontroller for operating the system. We create a webpage for online connectivity and IOT management GUI design. The system detects the parking slots are occupied using IR sensors. The system reads the number of parking slots available or occupied and updates data with the cloud server to allow for checking parking slot availability online. This allows users to check for available parking spaces online from anywhere and available hassle-free parking. Thus, the system solves the parking users an efficient IOT based parking management system.

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IOT

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This project is focusing the preparation of such a Portal or Website, which intends to provide information about Online Blood Bank Management, Doctors and Camps. The reason behind the creation of a website named SaveLifeFoundation.Com where a user or Patient can access or get information about Blood Banks in their locality by just visiting this site with a single click of a mouse. So they get the desired information about doctors or Blood Banks in emergency. You can take appointment with doctor or make a schedule with Blood Banks by sending them mail or by call them on their contact number through the contact number which will appear in a display in their page.

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BLOOD BANK

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More and more vehicles are equipped with in - vehicle monitoring systems, and there are now a wide variety of these system on the market.For the most part it serves as a feedback system for drivers and others by keeping tabs on things like how they drive, when they drive,and where they drive it.Many also give in -vehicle notification pre-set limits are violated(for example,hard acceleration).It is the drivers behaviour on the road that is being watched, such as speed etc.When a motorists propensity to engage in certain behaviours is tracked, the system may provide a risk assessmefor that driver.It may also make it possible to find ways to lessen the likelihood of a car accident for the driver.We will investigate the use of a black box to reduce emission in automobile in this research report.

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Emission,Control, Automobile,Black box.

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