Abstract

ABSTRACT: Diatoms, being micro-algae with species-dependent frustule morphologies, are important forensic indicators in drowning and other aquatic forensic investigations. In this paper, an effort has been made to create a regional diatom database for water bodies in Goan waters, classifying diatom diversity by frustule shape to strengthen forensic uses. Water samples were gathered from a range of aquatic environments, ranging from freshwater lakes, estuaries, to coastal areas, providing extensive ecological representation. For diatom observation two methods were utilised namely Lugol's Iodine and Acid treatment methods. In total 67 diatoms were identified at the genus level namely, Navicula sp., Nitzschia sp., Cyclotella sp., Cymbella sp., Pseudo-nitzschia sp., Cocconeis sp., Amphora sp., Pinnularia sp., Stauroneis sp., Chaetoceros sp., Gomphonema sp., Fragilaria sp. and Tabellaria sp.. Few diatoms were unidentified. The study makes an effort in establishing diatom database from those water bodies from Goa including lakes, mangroves, wells and springs which are still overlooked and the need to a prepare a regional database. Statistical tests indicate that shape-based classification of diatoms can also be used to distinguish water bodies, thereby enhancing forensic source-tracking in drowning investigations. Shape-based identification also offers a quick screening tool for forensic scientists, minimizing the use of time-consuming species-level classification. Research improves forensic diatomology through the provision of an economical, time-saving method for ascertaining the source of drowning cases.

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? Diatoms, Microalgae, Frustule, Diatomology, Lugol's Iodine

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The present study investigates the impact of Korean drama consumption on the self-concept and romantic relationship satisfaction of young adults. With the rising popularity of Korean media globally, particularly among youth, there is growing interest in how such content may shape personal and relational perceptions. A total of 150 college students (75 Korean drama watchers and 75 non-watchers) between the ages of 18 and 30 participated in the study. Standardized tools--the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale and the Relationship Assessment Scale--were used to assess self-concept and relationship satisfaction, respectively. Data were collected both online and offline and analyzed using correlation and t-tests. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between self-concept and romantic relationship satisfaction in both groups. Nevertheless, no notable differences were observed between individuals who watch Korean dramas and those who do not regarding their self-concept or satisfaction in romantic relationships. These findings suggest that while Korean dramas may not have a direct measurable impact on these variables, a positive self-concept is closely associated with higher relationship satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of self-perception in romantic dynamics and recommends further qualitative and longitudinal research to explore the subtle influences of media consumption.

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Korean Drama, Self-Concept, Romantic relationship Satisfaction, Young Adults, College Students, Correlation, T- Test, Media Consumption, Relationship Dynamics

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This thesis examines the behavior of Indian investors towards mutual funds and explores the factors influencing their investment decisions. It provides a comprehensive overview of the mutual fund industry in India, including its history, types, regulatory framework under SEBI, and the advantages it offers to investors such as diversification, professional management, and systematic investment options. The study is based on primary data collected from 80 respondents through a structured questionnaire, alongside secondary research. The analysis reveals that while awareness about mutual funds is growing, a significant proportion of investors still prefer traditional investment avenues like bank deposits and gold due to concerns about safety and lack of knowledge. The study also finds that younger investors with higher income levels are more inclined toward mutual funds, valuing regular income, tax benefits, and capital appreciation. The thesis concludes with suggestions to enhance mutual fund awareness through media and education, aiming to improve investor participation in India's capital markets.

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Mutual Funds, Investor Behaviour, Investment Preferences, SEBI Regulations, Systematic Investment Plan (SIP), Risk Appetite, Financial Literacy, Asset Allocation, Investment Awareness, Indian Financial Market

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The increasing environmental impact of conventional plastics has driven the need for sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. This research explores the development of a synthetic root system designed to enhance the production of biodegradable plastic. Inspired by natural root structures and microbial symbiosis, the synthetic root integrates bioengineered microorganisms capable of synthesizing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from organic waste. The root system acts as both a support matrix and a bioreactor, optimizing nutrient absorption and microbial efficiency. Preliminary results demonstrate increased yield and reduced production time, highlighting the potential of bio-integrated synthetic systems in scalable bioplastic manufacturing. This study presents a novel approach combining synthetic biology, environmental engineering, and biomimicry to address plastic pollution and promote a circular bioeconomy.

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USEFULL FOR ENVIRONMENT

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The rapid growth of urbanization and industrial development has led to a significant increase in construction activities, resulting in massive consumption of natural resources and the generation of large volumes of construction and plastic waste. Conventional concrete, while strong and versatile, heavily relies on virgin aggregates, contributing to the depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation. This project explores a sustainable alternative by integrating recycled aggregates and plastic waste into concrete production, aiming to reduce environmental impact while maintaining or enhancing the material's performance. The study investigates the mechanical and durability properties of concrete mixes incorporating varying proportions of recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) and shredded plastic waste. A detailed experimental methodology is adopted, including slump tests for workability and compressive strength tests at different curing intervals to assess performance. The results indicate that the optimized use of recycled materials does not significantly compromise strength and, in certain mixes, improves durability by enhancing resistance to microcracking and shrinkage. Additionally, this approach offers substantial environmental benefits by minimizing landfill usage, lowering carbon emissions, and conserving natural stone resources. The research supports the feasibility of incorporating waste materials in concrete for structural and non-structural applications, promoting the transition toward greener and more resource-efficient construction practices. Furthermore, this initiative aligns with global sustainability goals and contributes to circular economy models in the construction industry. It emphasizes the dual benefits of waste management and material innovation, paving the way for future studies and potential standardization. With increasing emphasis on sustainable development, the construction sector must adapt to innovative material solutions like this to ensure long-term environmental and economic viability.

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Sustainable Concrete, Recycled Aggregates, Plastic Waste, Construction Waste Reduction, Durability, Green Building Materials, Circular Economy, Environmental Impact, Concrete Strength, Waste Utilization.

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Human resource management is concerned with the people element in management. Since every organization is made up of people, acquiring their services, developing their skills, motivating them to high levels of performance, and ensuring that they continue to maintain their commitments to the organization are essential to achieve organizational objectives. This project is meant to know the Human Resource Policies in the organization. The HR Policies are a tool to achieve employee satisfaction and thus highly motivated employees. The main objective of various HR Policies is to increase efficiency by increasing motivation and thus fulfill organizational goals and objectives. The objective is to provide the reader with a framework of the HR Policy Manual and the various objectives that the different policies aim to achieve. The main focus was on the managerial levels of employees in CREATIONS INFRA INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED. Keywords: HR policies, Employee Relationship, Organization.

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HR Policies Employee Relationship Organization

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The banking sector plays a pivotal role in the economic development of a country, and effective risk management is essential to ensure its stability and sustainability. This study explores and compares the risk management practices employed by public and private sector banks in India, focusing on identifying key differences, challenges, and best practices. The research emphasizes the importance of managing various financial and non-financial risks, including credit risk, market risk, operational risk, and liquidity risk. The study is based on a comprehensive analysis of financial data, regulatory disclosures, and the CAMELS framework over a five-year period (FY 2020-2024) for selected banks--State Bank of India (SBI), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, and Central Bank of India. It examines capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings quality, and liquidity, along with risk sensitivity, to assess the overall risk posture of these institutions. Findings indicate that while private sector banks demonstrate more proactive and technology-driven risk management strategies, public sector banks are gradually aligning with global best practices under regulatory pressure and digital transformation initiatives. However, significant differences remain in their risk appetites, governance structures, and response times to market volatility. The study concludes by highlighting the need for an integrated risk management framework that balances regulatory compliance with agile decision-making. It offers practical suggestions to enhance risk resilience across both banking segments, contributing to a more robust and responsive financial system. **Keywords:** Risk Management, Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, CAMELS Analysis, Financial Risk, Credit Risk, Indian Banking Sector.

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General Keywords: Risk Management Public Sector Banks Private Sector Banks Financial Risk Operational Risk Market Risk Credit Risk Liquidity Risk Risk Mitigation Banking Sector Indian Banks Technical/Analytical Keywords: CAMEL Model Capital Adequacy Asset Quality Management Efficiency Earnings Quality Liquidity Ratios Return on Equity (ROE) Net Interest Margin (NIM) Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) Net Non-Performing Assets (NNPA) Cost to Income Ratio Return on Assets (RO

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Since the last decade in India, has been leading towards tremendous advancements in digital technologies under the aegis of "Digital India", which aimed to create better connectivity and convenience and thereby leading toward new India. Amidst developments in positive aspects, this has also created pavements for digital criminals to establish their signature in cybercrime, which has been increasing exponentially over the last 10 years. This dissertation work highlights on the growth of cybercrime in India, and it primarily focusses on the public awareness, and also finds out the nature of victims affected to these cybercrimes through an approach of AI tools. By incorporation of mixed method approach through direct and indirect survey on understanding the cybercrime and also to estimate number of victims of cybercrimes, within a specific age group of 18 to 35, this study has targeted on people who are more frequently, inquisitive on mobile phone usage, which is significant through their online activity. The results obtained through survey indicate prevalent cyber threats such as hacking, phishing, online fraud, and emotional manipulation, with a concerning proportion of cases going unreported due to fear, lack of trust in competent authorities and also being incognito makes the victims vulnerable, which also requires serious mental health attention. Additionally, the psychological trauma faced by victims particularly in cases that involves coercion, sextortion, and identity theft highlights a humongous gap in India's cybercrime response, i.e., absence of victim counseling and support systems. In view of victim's mental health and to solve this issue, the study proposes a holistic solution on integrating cybersecurity education, digital literacy, and an AI- technical forensic assistant bot-based counseling platform. The platform, developed as part of this research (https://cybercrimehelp.netlify.app/), serves as a supportive digital space for victims, offering initial guidance through an AI chatbot and resources for reporting incidents. Furthermore, the research extends to emphasize the importance of reforming cyber laws, alongside with promotion of mental health awareness, and incorporation digital forensics and AI tools to solve few case studies to get an additional perspective for forensic science into mainstream cybercrime prevention strategies. By combining insights from technology, psychology, and forensic science, this dissertation contributes a multi-dimensional framework for the enhancement of India's cyber-resilience. It concludes by recommending policy-level interventions, educational reforms, and the need for expanded empirical research involving mental health assessments of cybercrime victims.

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The increased use and the subsequent rise of digital communication forms of spam and cybercrime include online part time job fraud. Online part time job fraud has become a prominent concern, especially in urban environments like Hyderabad. Scammers are taking advantage of workers who want more flexible working options possible, that is causing financial harm, mental harm, and loss of public trust. The study is meant to assess the law enforcement officers' (specifically, the Hyderabad city police and State of Telengana police) viewpoint associated with the investigation, challenges, and approaches for investigating online job fraud forms of cybercrime. The study uses a cybercrime awareness lens that explores immediate operational, technical and legal barriers within case investigation. It will also assess fraud pattern(s) and assess any and all available deterrents. The study will review quantitative data collection methods of surveys, interviews, and official documentation in order to assist in an evaluation of the validity of law enforcement response and recommendations for future action on improved public awareness campaigns, their agency response rate and cooperation, and cybercrime awareness training for officers.

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Online Job Fraud, Cybercrime Awareness, Law Enforcement Perspectives, Part-time Job Scams, Hyderabad City Police, Telangana State Police, Digital Investigations, Cyber Fraud Prevention, Scam Patterns and Trends, Online Recruitment Scams

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The study of forensic entomology plays a significant role determining post-mortem interval (PMI). Insects feeding on decomposing remains are vital, and thus, any study on insect activity at all decomposition stages can provide insight with relation to best PMI estimates. The purpose of the study was to know the patterns of insect colonization, and breakdown of decay in chickens under three different environmental situations, that were either a closed room or shaded outdoors or outdoor sun. Each study had two trails that were completed seven days apart in March and April 2025. Environmental details including temperature and humidity were significant for insects regarding their colonization on chicken carcass decay. The findings from the study showed high rates of insect colonization immediately in closed environments, rapid larval development in shaded designated areas, and few insects on carcasses in a dry outdoor environment. Insect taxonomic dominance was related to house flies (Musca domestica), blowflies (Calliphoridae), fruit flies (Drosophila spp), and ants (Formicidae). The study findings illustrate how much the environmental conditions can impact the rate of decay and this is not irrelevant for forensic studies as analyzing in this ecological context is important, and useful when estimating the PMI.

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Forensic entomology, post-mortem interval, insect activity, decomposition, environmental conditions.

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The Lung Cancer Detection System using Deep Learning provides an advanced solution for early diagnosis and classification of lung cancer. We utilize Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and TensorFlow to analyze lung scan images and accurately classify them into Benign, Malignant, or Normal categories. The process involves image preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification using a pre-trained deep learning model. This AI-driven approach enhances the accuracy and efficiency of traditional cancer detection methods, reducing human error and enabling faster diagnosis. The implementation of a Streamlit-based web application ensures accessibility for medical professionals, allowing real-time predictions and visualization of cancer probabilities. By integrating deep learning techniques, the proposed system offers a robust, automated, and user-friendly solution to assist in early lung cancer detection, ultimately improving survival rates and healthcare efficiency.

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Lung Cancer Detection, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), TensorFlow, Medical Image Classification, Image Preprocessing, Feature Extraction, Benign, Malignant, Normal Classification, Pre-trained Model, Streamlit Web Application, AI in Healthcare, Real-time Prediction, Cancer Diagnosis, Medical Image Analysis, Early Detection, Automated Diagnosis, Cancer Probability Visualization, Healthcare Efficiency, Clinical Decision Support, Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD).

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health concern, ranking as the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among early-stage HCC cases, solitary lesions present a unique opportunity for curative treatment. The two principal modalities employed are liver resection (LR), a surgical approach aimed at removing the tumor-bearing portion of the liver, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a minimally invasive technique that uses thermal energy to destroy tumor cells. Despite numerous clinical studies and meta-analyses, the optimal approach for solitary HCC remains a matter of debate, particularly when balancing survival benefits with procedural risks and patient-specific factors.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma, liver resection, radiofrequency ablation, solitary tumor, BCLC stage A, disease-free survival, surgical oncology, thermal ablation, minimally invasive therapy, locoregional treatment.

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Fingerprint powders play a crucial role in forensic investigation by enhancing latent fingerprint on various surface. However, conventional fingerprint powders often contain synthesis chemicals that may pose environmental and health risk. This study focuses on the formulation and comparative analysis of eco-friendly fingerprint powders derived from biodegradable and sustainable materials. The research involves the preparation of white powder using eggshell powder and black powder using coconut shell ash and orange rind powder. These powders are evaluated based on their adhesion efficiency, ridge clarity and Contrast quality across different surface types, including glass, plastic, metal, wood, ceramic and paint wall A comparative study is conducted against commercially available fingerprint powders to assess performance in terms of surface adherence, contrast quality, and long-term stability. Advanced image analysis techniques are utilized to quantify ridge patterns visibility and contrast. Additionally, the environmental impact and sustainability of these powders are analyzed in comparison to conventional formulations. The findings aim to establish eco-friendly, and efficient alternative for forensic fingerprint development, promoting sustainable forensic science practices.

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Eco-friendly fingerprint powders, Eggshell fingerprint powder, Coconut shell ash powder, orange rind powders, Latent fingerprint development, Ridge clarity analysis, Adhesion efficiency, Biodegradable forensic materials, Sustainable forensic investigation

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The rapid advances in deep learning and generative adversarial networks (GANs), has led to the swift rise of the deepfake technology. It now can generate hyper-realistic synthetic media that appears just like real content. While deepfakes can ride the wave of potential use in entertainment, education, and digital media production, they can cause serious damage to information integrity, cybersecurity, and forensic evidence. The accessibility of tools to generate deepfakes has already led to them being used in a variety of cybercrimes: identity theft, financial crimes, misinformation campaigns, and defamation. Therefore, creating effective and accessible methods for detecting deepfakes has become important research in digital forensics. The goal of this dissertation is to thoroughly assess deepfake detection methods with an emphasis on ready-to-use software tools; the focus of the examined methods are on usability by forensic analysts and cybersecurity professionals, with minimal coding experience. A detailed critique of a number of detection methods, including violation of facial movement consistency, texture and lighting, deep learning classifiers, frequency domain analysis, and physiological based deepfake detection methods, was carried out using real-world working datasets of manipulated videos and pictures. The evaluation of detection software considered the key performance markers including accuracy, precision, recall, false positive rates, processing efficiency, and robustness against adversarial modifications. Additionally, the study explores the impact of deepfake quality, dataset diversity, and compression artifacts on the detection performance of various methodologies. Aside from the technical considerations, this study examines the ethical and legal consequences of deepfake technology as they pertain to the miscommunication of truths, the influence of public opinion, and issues of personal safety. The obstacles of deepfake forensics, particularly in relation to the conversion of models to new model classes, as well as the advancements made since the introduction of synthetic fraud are evaluated. The study also emphasizes that forensic practitioners need simple, accessible, digestible detection tools that fit seamlessly into forensic workflows. The results suggest that AI classifiers are more accurate in controlled scenarios; however, they exhibit less accuracy when examined within adversely altered deepfakes, and high-fidelity forgeries that bypass mannequin detection measures. Further, standalone detection tools have limited applicability and could be improved using multi-layered detection that combines multiple approaches to enhance the detection ability and to address false positives. The study concludes with future possibilities for deepfake detection, including blockchain-based, explainable model systems, and real-time detection possibilities. These areas of consideration add value to the evolving digital forensic world and the practical applications for improving detection of misleading and synthetic content.

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Deepfake, VLC Media Player, Wondershare Filmora, Focus Magic, Hybrid Techniques

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, aims to revolutionize the educational landscape by promoting inclusivity and equity, with a particular emphasis on empowering female students. This study delves into the impact of NEP 2020 on the holistic development of female commerce undergraduates at B.C. College, employing a rigorous mixed-methods approach to comprehensively analyse the policy's effects. The research utilized a structured questionnaire consisting of 27 questions--22 ordinal and 5 categorical--to assess four critical dimensions of holistic growth: academic performance, social and emotional development, physical and mental health, and overall life satisfaction. Data was gathered from 97 respondents through an online survey conducted via Google Forms. To evaluate the data, several non-parametric statistical tests were employed, including the Mann-Whitney U test to compare differences between male and female students, Spearman's rank correlation to explore relationships between ordinal variables, Factor Analysis was conducted to uncover the underlying relationships among the variables assessing the holistic development of female undergraduate commerce students.. The results demonstrated significant gender-based disparities, revealing that female students exhibited substantial improvements over their male counterparts in areas such as academic confidence, engagement in learning activities, time management, physical well-being, and overall life satisfaction. These findings underscore the effectiveness of NEP 2020 in enhancing gender parity and supporting female empowerment within the academic context. In addition to quantitative analysis, qualitative data from interviews and focus group discussions were analysed to uncover specific barriers and challenges faced by female students. These discussions highlighted ongoing socio-cultural constraints and the need for targeted interventions to address these issues effectively. The qualitative insights emphasize the importance of continuous support and tailored strategies to further empower female students. The study's findings offer valuable recommendations for educators and policymakers. To maximize the impact of NEP 2020, it is crucial to address identified gaps and strengthen successful strategies. Recommendations include enhancing support mechanisms for female students, addressing socio-cultural barriers, and refining policy implementation to better support the holistic development and empowerment of female students. Overall, this research provides a detailed analysis of NEP 2020's impact on female commerce undergraduates, offering actionable insights for policy refinement and highlighting the need for ongoing evaluation to achieve true gender equity in education. By addressing these recommendations, NEP 2020 can more effectively fulfill its goal of fostering an equitable and inclusive educational environment.

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NEP 2020, Women Empowerment, Holistic Development

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mechatronics, automatic, wire cutter, accuracy

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The advent of the Metaverse has presented novel opportunities for diplomatic institutions to redefine their public diplomacy strategies. This academic overview examines the use of social media influence within the Metaverse by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) Multi-Factor Authentication to enhance their operations, particularly in the realms of their embassies and consulates worldwide. It explores the theoretical framework of public diplomacy in the digital age, the emergence of this technology, and the potential benefits and challenges associated with its adoption in the foreign service. The study explores security previsions and protocols which ought to be included to illustrate the safety mechanisms within the architecture of such both technological and revolutionary implementation of MFA frameworks prior to being applied to sensitive areas within a government's overseas missions' diplomatic apparatus. The study draws upon existing research to discuss how social media influencers can be leveraged to communicate national interests, foster cultural understanding, and facilitate virtual diplomatic engagements. It concludes by suggesting potential avenues for future research to evaluate the effectiveness and implications of these innovative practices, forward planning, therefore, retaining the security provisions already mentioned, in regard to highly sensitised information within a country's foreign affairs ministry. In recommendation, this research has determined that the Metaverse and its future development would be of benefit and play great importance within Mongolia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs' infrastructure in years to come.

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The Potential of Establishing an Environmental Metaverse within Mongolia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs Overseas Development.

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Technology has madetheworld grow rapidly in thepast two decades. It has revolutionized societies and has impacted the existing and future generation largely. Internethasagreatimpactonbusiness.ManybusinesseshavestartedtouseSocialmediaaccountsto market their products This has facilitated their products to Reach a larger audience and create more desire. This paper is related to the impact of media on the buying choices of consumers. It willon whether social media creates a desire in people to change their buying behavior. Thepaperwasdoneusingprimarydataanalysiswithatotalof165respondents ongoogleformsand the data was analyzed using chi-square. The social media platforms considered in this research paper were Instagram,YouTube,Twitter and Blogposts.Theresearchfocusedonfindingoutwhethertheageofthepersoninfluencetheirbuying choicesbased on the impact of thesocial media.Theresearch gavepositive resultson social median influence on buying behavior, however the age group did not influence decisions.

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Keywords:Socialmedia,SocialMediamarketing,Consumerbehavior, Buying choice of consumer.

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Title: Workplace Productivity and Employee Well-Being: The Impact of Alternative Work Schedules Introduction: In the evolving corporate landscape, organizations are reimagining traditional work structures to enhance efficiency while ensuring employee well-being. Alternative work schedules, such as the four-day workweek, flexible hours, and hybrid models, have gained global attention as businesses strive to strike a balance between productivity and work-life harmony. This research aims to explore how these work arrangements impact employee performance, job satisfaction, and organizational success. Objectives: 1. To analyze the effects of alternative work schedules on workplace productivity. 2. To assess the impact of flexible work arrangements on employee well-being and job satisfaction. 3. To examine global trends and economic implications of non-traditional work models. 4. To provide data-driven insights and recommendations for businesses considering flexible work policies. Research Methodology: This study will adopt a mixed-method approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative research. Primary data will be collected through surveys and interviews with employees and HR professionals across various industries. Secondary data will be gathered from existing literature, case studies, and industry reports. Statistical tools will be used to analyze productivity metrics and employee satisfaction levels under different work schedules. Significance of the Study: With rapid technological advancements and shifting workforce expectations, understanding the impact of alternative work arrangements is crucial for business sustainability. This research will provide valuable insights for HR professionals, policymakers, and business leaders to implement effective work models that optimize performance while fostering employee well-being. Expected Outcomes: o Identification of the most effective alternative work schedules for improving productivity and well-being. o Evidence-based recommendations for organizations to design flexible work policies. This study aims to bridge the gap between organizational goals and employee-centric policies, contributing to a more adaptive, efficient, and satisfied workforce.

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o Alternative Work Schedules - Non-traditional work hours o Employee Well-Being - Health and happiness at work o Productivity - Work efficiency and output o Retention & Turnover - Staying vs. leaving a job o Work-Life Balance - Managing work and personal life o Compressed Workweek - Fewer workdays, longer hours o Hybrid Work - Mix of office and remote work o Flextime - Flexible start and end times o Telecommuting - Working remotely using technology o Job Sharing - Two people sharing

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The Indian tax system has undergone significant transformations in recent years, with the introduction of revised tax schemes aimed at promoting economic growth, simplifying tax compliance, and ensuring equitable distribution of wealth. This study examines how India's tax system has changed, with a particular emphasis on the introduction of new tax provisions like those found in Sections 115BAC, 115BAA, and 115BAB of the Income Tax Act, 1961, the move towards simplified income tax schemes, and the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The report explores the ways in which these changes have impacted a number of industries, most notably corporations, middle-class taxpayers, and the economy as a whole. The research emphasizes the change in the tax burden, the effect on disposable income, and the influence on government revenue collection by examining the direct and indirect socioeconomic repercussions . This study also looks at how tax income is redistributed and how it might be used to finance infrastructure improvements, social welfare programs, and initiatives to reduce poverty. The tax system's simplification has increased efficiency and compliance, but it has also had unforeseen repercussions for some groups of people, especially low-income households and small businesses. The report ends with a thorough examination of how these tax changes fit into India's larger socioeconomic goals and the difficulties in maintaining a fair, inclusive, and sustainable business environment.

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Tax Reforms, Socio-Economic Impact, Income Inequality, Fiscal Policy, Digital Taxation, Economic Growth, Tax Equity

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To avoid mountains accidents we have to use smart road safety and vehicle Accident Preventation System.

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For Safety

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Tax awareness plays a very important role in improving compliance and financial planning among taxpayers in India. The Indian tax system is a complex encompassing both direct taxes, such as income tax; and indirect taxes, like Goods and Services Tax (GST). A clear understanding of tax laws would assist individuals and businesses to identify proper tax regimes for them so that there is timely compliance and less chance of being penalized for non-compliance. An informed taxpayer is in a better position to avail of various tax-saving opportunities available under different sections of the Income Tax Act, like Section 80C investments such as PPF, ELSS, and NPS, and Section 80D on health insurance premiums to reduce his tax liability within the framework of the law. This study investigates the relationship between tax awareness and their implication on financial behaviour and compliance among tax payers in India. Data collected via structured questionnaires analysed the respondents' knowledge about tax laws, compliance habits, and the extent they consider tax implications in financial planning. The outcome of the research showed that the highly tax aware individuals are the ones who file their returns on time, appropriately claim exemptions, deductions, and also plan their investments accordingly to maximize their tax savings. Furthermore, the study showed that those who are tax aware are more likely to seek professional help and keep proper documentation; this heightens their compliance behaviour. The research also lists some challenges faced by taxpayers, including the complexity of tax laws and limited access to reliable educational resources. While the government has introduced some digital platforms to ease tax filing, people will still benefit from tax awareness seminars and other user-friendly digital tools that solicit consideration.

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Tax awareness, compliance behaviour, financial planning, tax-saving opportunities, income tax act, digital platforms

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The evolution of digital shopping has transformed consumer behavior, enabling purchases from virtually anywhere. This shift, coupled with advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and predictive marketing, has significantly reshaped marketing strategies. Predictive marketing thrives on three main drivers: increasing demand for personalized customer experiences, proven value demonstrated by early adopters, and the rise of new technologies that facilitate data collection and pattern recognition. AI-driven tools like chatbots, virtual assistants, and predictive analytics are now core components of modern marketing, enhancing customer engagement and loyalty. As businesses increasingly adopt AI solutions, the retail and consumer goods sectors are projected to see a dramatic rise in AI automation--from 40% to over 80% within three years. This paper explores how AI and machine learning empower marketers to understand consumer preferences through data collection and behavioral analysis, ultimately revolutionizing digital marketing practices.

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Artificial Intelligence Ai), predictive marketing, customer experience, digital marketing, online shopping, machine learning.

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Oppana is a traditional performing art form of Kerala's Mappila Muslim community, commonly showcased during wedding ceremonies and festive gatherings. Rooted in Islamic cultural traditions and Kerala's rich aesthetic heritage, Oppana combines music, dance, and poetic expression to celebrate social unity and feminine grace. This ethnographic study explores the historical background, cultural significance, and technical elements of Oppana, drawing from field observations, participant interviews, and visual analysis. The research highlights how Oppana functions not only as a form of entertainment but also as a powerful medium for preserving community identity, reinforcing gender roles, and navigating social dynamics in contemporary society. By examining Oppana's transformation over time, the study sheds light on the resilience of traditional art forms in the face of modernization and changing cultural landscapes. The paper concludes with reflections on the importance of safeguarding such folk expressions as living heritage.

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Oppana, Mappila community, ethnographic study, Kerala folk art, traditional performance, cultural identity, Islamic traditions, women's performance art Let me know if you'd like to narrow the focus or add any based on your study's highlights!

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The concept of fundamental rights is integral to the framework of human rights, forming a critical subset of universal rights that safeguard the dignity, freedom, and equality of individuals. These rights are typically enshrined in national constitutions or international human rights agreements and are often seen as inalienable, essential to the well-being of individuals. As societal norms and legal frameworks evolve, the scope and interpretation of fundamental rights continue to adapt in response to contemporary challenges, such as digital privacy, environmental justice, and gender equality. This paper explores the relationship between fundamental rights and human rights, focusing on the recent developments that shape their boundaries and implementation in various jurisdictions. In light of recent global trends, including technological advancements, shifting political landscapes, and international human rights discourse, the paper analyzes how fundamental rights are being expanded or redefined. Key themes include the role of international law in the protection of fundamental rights, the intersection of rights with emerging technologies (such as artificial intelligence and privacy rights), and the growing emphasis on social and economic rights as fundamental components of human dignity.

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ART. = Article, AIR. = all india reporter, AJIL= amercian journal of indian law.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research, undertaken as part of a summer internship assignment, examines the driving factors behind social media adoption among B2B service firms, with emphasis on GK Profiles, Chennai. The investigation emphasizes major drivers like industry dynamics, organizational scale, competitive pressure, and cost of tools, which have an impact on social media integration. Social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Twitter, and YouTube are analyzed for their capability to increase business exposure and customer interaction. Using statistical tests such as correlation and one-way ANOVA, the research concludes that LinkedIn is the most favorite platform, especially among big organizations. The study concludes with practical suggestions focusing on customized strategies, uninterrupted content supply, staff training, and investment in data-based solutions to make the best use of social media. Ultimately, it emphasizes the critical role played by social media to ensure sustained interaction, build client relationships, and influence organizational development in the B2B industry.

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Social Media Adoption B2B Services Competitive Pressure Customer Engagement LinkedIn Strategy Data-Driven Solutions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The case study above deals with the financial effect of CSR on SVM KIA Pvt Ltd. CSR activities have become a significant component in today's business scenario of any company, which strives to set itself up for the creation of long-term value, building its brand image, and achieving overall success in finance. The case study considered various aspects of how SVM KIA's CSR initiatives concerning environmental sustainability, community engagement, employee welfare, and ethical practices would impact crucial financial metrics such as profitability, revenue growth, cost savings, and market share. The study documents the case of how CSR activities can generate a positive interaction with financial performance, using a mixed-method approach. For example, CSR has increased brand loyalty, had higher sales, cost-effective operations, improved productivity, and better employee satisfaction. It, therefore, concluded that CSR is not only a social responsibility but also a strategic business investment aimed at improving profitability, market position, and investor confidence. Further investments in CSR will be foreseen to keep on galloping, as long as this will strengthen the company competitiveness and ensure sustainable growth.

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Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Performance, SVM KIA Pvt Ltd, Profitability, Revenue Growth, Market Shares, Employee Engagement, Cost Efficiency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"A Study on the Impact of Smartwatch Utilization in the Present Young Generation with Special Reference to the Chennai Region" examines the prevalence, patterns of use, advantages, and disadvantages of smartwatches among young adults in the age group 18-46 in the Chennai region, using a mixed-methods methodology that integrates quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews of 122 participants. The study uncovers that 77% of users are in the 18-25 age range, with a breakdown of 58% male and 42% female, showing significant preference toward wearable technology among this sector. A substantial 48% of users wear smartwatches every day, mostly using health and fitness functionality like monitoring heart rate (47%), steps taken, and sleep tracking (57% said they are more motivated for exercise), in addition to communication features like notification and call management, which decrease smartphone reliance. Aside from utility, smartwatches are also viewed as fashion items and status symbols, with 52% of them admitting their contribution to social status and 46% confessing peer influence in their purchasing decisions. Nonetheless, issues like privacy (11%), short battery life, and expense serve as deterrents for some potential users. Statistical tests, such as ANOVA and independent sample t-tests, show no significant differences by age or gender for the majority of variables, except in connectivity and spending, where gender variations were noted. The research identifies the revolutionary potential of smartwatches in increasing health consciousness, productivity, and social connectivity while highlighting areas of improvement, including longer battery life, affordability, and more robust data privacy features. These findings have significant implications for manufacturers, marketers, and policymakers, calling for customized product designs, niche marketing efforts, and policies to reflect digital wellness and privacy issues. Integration of smartwatches in educational and work settings is also advisable to optimize productivity and digital competency. The research culminates with an emphasis placed on equitable use to counteract possible detriments such as digital burnout, recommending prudent adoption so as to ensure maximum benefits and less adverse risk. By filling knowledge gaps in prior research on wearable technology, this research adds to greater insight into the effects of smartwatches on youth in urban areas, providing practical insights for stakeholders to position innovations based on user preferences and needs towards creating a healthier and more interconnected society.

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Smartwatches, wearable technology, youth adoption, health tracking, productivity, social influence, consumer behavior, digital wellness.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Consumer behavior is being regarded as more critical in competition and preference shifts in the industry of automotive goods and services; thus, this paper analyses how psychological, social, and emotional factors do affect pricing decisions in such an industry. Behavioral pricing differs from traditional economic models because they relate to how perceptions and biases influence and affect decisions rather than how much in cost structures and supply demand models. This research draws on consumer psychology on price sensitivity, brand loyalty, and reference pricing in influencing how these aspects interact with more traditional pricing strategies and the external influences of social comparison, peer pressure, and cultural norms. A mixed-method approach has been followed for this study in which quantitative surveys addressing consumer attitudes are combined with qualitative interviews for a more profound insight into the psychological reaction to prices being set. The results of the paper indicate how perceptions of fairness, value, and trust influence price acceptance and people's choice-making mechanisms through strategies like discounts and financing. Conclusion The article concludes by suggesting that it is in the best interest of pricing strategies to have behavioural factors incorporated into them to improve consumer satisfaction and loyalty toward the product as well as its market positioning.

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Behavioral Pricing, Consumer Psychology, Pricing Decisions, Automobile Industry, Price Sensitivity, Brand Loyalty, Reference Pricing, Social Influence ,Perceived Value.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study aims to explore the multifaceted role of women entrepreneurs in Wayanad's small-scale food industries. By examining their contributions, challenges, and socio-economic impact, the research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of their significance in the local economy. Additionally, the study will assess the effectiveness of government policies and support systems, offering recommendations to enhance women's participation and success in this sector. The findings of this study will not only contribute to the existing body of knowledge on women entrepreneurship but also provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers. By identifying the factors that influence the success and sustainability of women-led businesses, the study aims to inform the development of more targeted and effective interventions to support women entrepreneurs in small-scale food industries.

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Women Entrepreneurs, Wayanad, Small scale industries, food industries, Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The occurrence of birth defects remains an important public health issue. Inadequate knowledge about the defects among prospective mothers could result in delayed interventions. Several studies determined the knowledge of birth defects among pregnant women in relation to their socio-demographic profile. Most of the reports on mothers with bicornuate uterus analyze fertility, reproductive capacity, and pregnancy outcomes. Very few of them, however, mention the risk for congenital anomalies in their offspring. Further, to the best of our knowledge, no epidemiologic studies estimating the risk for congenital defects and analyzing the type of anomalies observed in infants born to mothers with a bicornuate uterus have been reported. Proper knowledge about risk factors and prevention of congenital malformations in pregnant women can lead to primary prevention of disease.

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Assess,Effectiveness,Structured teaching programme,Knowledge,Congenital anomalies,Married couples,Rural community

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The idea of osseointegration--the process by which an implant fuses firmly with bone--has revolutionized dentistry. This biological process takes place when there is no fibrous tissue separating the implant from the bone as the bone grows and fuses firmly to the implant material, usually titanium.

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ROLE OF GROWTH FACTORS IN DENTAL IMPLANTS"

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Green marketing is one of the tactics (strategy) efforts to create create a business based on environment and health, has been known in the late 1980s and early 1990s. there are many term regarding green marketing, including environmental marketing, ecological marketing, sustainable marketing, green marketing and social marketing. green marketing develops in line with the public marketing develops is line with the public's attention to environmental issues so that society demands responsibility from business people in carrying out business activities. This paper seeks to provide literature on green marketing or sustainable marketing. review of green marketing are carried out by reading and analysing 59 review journal articles and summarised in 2 tables, namely journal article s and publishers distribution and articles categorisation based on their subject. The problem face in this study in that companies must understand that when entering the market, it does not cause confusion in consumers minds and does not violate regulations. there is a mismatch of market perception with consumer preception, the existence of uncertain market competitive pressure, even through the government has in enacted law to allow consumers to make better decisions and motivate consumers to be environmentally friendly. There is always difficulty in determining policies that cover all environments and lastly is the lack of consumer knowledge about environmental issue, causing companies to represent products or service in a market where consumer do not believe that the product or services being promoted is environmentally. In conclusion,this study find a significant effect of green marketing on its brand image, impacting consumer purchasing decision behaviour.

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Green marketing, environmental marketing brand image, environmental friendly, and purchase decisions, green marketing tactics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines the transformation of travel documentation and storytelling across different mediums, with a particular focus on the shift from traditional narrative forms to contemporary digital visual storytelling. The paper analyses how technological advances, especially mobile photography and social media platforms, have democratized travel documentation while simultaneously creating new challenges for authentic representation and sustainable tourism. Through analysis of scholarly literature and three detailed case studies - including an examination of India's "Way Back Home" documentary series, Airbnb's visual marketing strategies, and Bollywood's influence on travel destinations - this review explores the complex interplay between visual storytelling technologies, cultural representation, and tourism impact. The research reveals that while modern tools have expanded creative possibilities and global reach in travel documentation, they have also introduced concerns about authenticity, over-tourism, and the preservation of local cultures. The paper concludes by examining emerging trends in travel documentation and proposing frameworks for more responsible and sustainable approaches to visual storytelling in tourism contexts. This work contributes to our understanding of how evolving documentation technologies influence both travel narratives and tourism practices in an increasingly connected world.

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Visual storytelling, digital narratives, mobile photography, social media, tourism, influencers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Background Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) is a rare but increasingly recognized condition with diverse presentations. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. Objectives To evaluate the clinical and radiological profile of CVT patients and assess their quality of life after three months of treatment using the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). Methods A prospective observational study of 54 CVT patients diagnosed via MRI/MRV. Clinical, neurological, and radiological findings were correlated with MRS scores at admission and after three months. Results The mean age was 43.8 years, with a female predominance (61.1%). Headache (51.9%) and seizures (35.2%) were the most common symptoms. At admission, 64.8% had good MRS scores (0-2), improving to 88.9% at follow-up (p < 0.001). Patients with subacute onset, good admission GCS/MRS, and unilateral lesions had better outcomes, while poor outcomes were linked to deep venous or internal jugular vein involvement. Conclusion CVT presents variably but has favorable outcomes with timely treatment. MRV is the preferred diagnostic tool.

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Cerebral venous thrombosis, Modified Rankin scale , Glasgow coma scale,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low back pain is ache and discomfort in the lower back, the lower back comprises the lumbar spine, sacrum and the coccyx, which is formed by vertebral bones, intervertebral discs, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and blood vessels. It is characterized by a range of symptoms which includes pain, muscle tension, stiffness, Tingling and burning sensation eventually Weakness in the legs or feet. Each year 15-20%of the population will have back pain. the current relative values of incidence and prevalence of LBA are 0.6% and 7.8% of all cases respectively. The aim is to compare the effectiveness of McKenzie exercises along with hot pack versus Swiss ball exercises along with hot pack in patients with low back pain METHODOLOGY: 30 Subjects were taken and randomized into two equal groups as group A and B. Both the groups were treated with different techniques in order to clearly identify and analyse the difference and better result among the two techniques. [Group A was treated with McKenzie exercises along with hot pack and Group B was treated with Swiss ball along with hot pack], both male and females were considered equally. Treatment is given for 12 weeks 5 sessions per week for 30 mins. outcome measures of pre-test and post-test were assessed by using Oswestry disability index (ODI), numerical pain rating scale {NPRS}and manual muscle testing (MMT}. RESULTS: The results showed that there is a significant effect of McKenzie Exercises along with hot pack when compared to Swiss ball along with hot pack in the management of low back pain. As group A was treated with McKenzie exercises and group B was treated with Swiss ball exercises. during post-test values group A shows early effect in the reduction of pain and disability and improvement in muscle power.

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Key words : McKenzie exercises, Swiss ball , hot packs , low back pain, manual muscle testing , numerical pain rating scale, Oswestry disability index

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research investigates the complex relationship between fashion media and evolving beauty standards in contemporary visual culture, with a particular focus on the transformative role of digital platforms. Through a comprehensive analysis of traditional and emerging media formats, the study examines how fashion-oriented media shapes societal perceptions of beauty and influences individual body image. The research specifically explores the unique context of the Bollywood film industry as a case study, analysing how fashion media contributes to the construction and dissemination of beauty standards within this cultural framework. Using a mixed-methods approach combining observational analysis and qualitative interviews, the study reveals a dynamic tension between traditional beauty norms and emerging inclusive narratives facilitated by social media platforms. The findings highlight how digital democratization has enabled diverse voices to challenge conventional beauty standards while simultaneously creating new forms of pressure through filtered realities and comparison culture. This research contributes to the growing discourse on media influence and body image by illuminating the nuanced ways fashion media both perpetuates and challenges beauty standards in the digital age, providing valuable insights for media practitioners, cultural theorists, and advocates of inclusive beauty representation.

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Fashion media, beauty, body image, social media, visual culture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research examines the complex interplay between brand identity and consumer perception through the lens of anthropomorphic brand communication. The study investigates how brands leverage human-like characteristics in their visual and verbal communication to forge deeper emotional connections with consumers. Through detailed analysis of case studies including Amul, Lacoste, and Kenzo, the research demonstrates how anthropomorphic elements in branding serve as powerful tools for narrowing the gap between intended brand identity and actual consumer perception. The paper explores the historical evolution of anthropomorphism in advertising, from early mascot creation to contemporary brand personality development, while examining its psychological impact on consumer-brand relationships. The findings reveal that successful anthropomorphic branding strategies not only enhance brand recall and emotional engagement but also contribute to long-term brand loyalty when authentically aligned with brand values. The research particularly highlights how visual language and anthropomorphic elements interact to create cohesive brand narratives that resonate across cultural boundaries. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on consumer-brand relationships by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the strategic implementation of anthropomorphism in modern brand communication.

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Brand Identity, Brand Perception, Anthropomorphism, Visual Language, Brand Personality, Mascot Marketing, Consumer Psychology, Brand Strategy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chromatography, Mobile Phase, Validated, RP-HPLC, Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

भारत की समुन्नत स्थिति और परिष्कृत मन: स्थिति का श्रेय यहाँ के ऋषियों को दिया जाता है। यह उचित भी है। उज्ज्वल चरित्र, उत्कृष्ट चिंतन और साहसिक पुरुषार्थ का विविध समन्वय जिन व्यक्तित्यों में होगा, वे स्वयं तो ऊंचे होंगे ही, अपने साथ-साथ लोक-मानस को और समस्त वातावरण को भी ऊँचा उठाएंगे । ऋषियों की क्रिया-प्रक्रिया यही थी । वे सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के हर पक्ष को देखते और संभालते थे । द्रोणाचार्य, विश्वामित्र, परशुराम जैसे ऋषि धनुर्वेद में पारंगत थे। वे शस्त्र निर्माण और संचालन की शोध एवं शिक्षा के कार्य में संलग्न थे, ताकि असुरता से सफलतापूर्वक जूझा जा सके चरक, सुश्रुत, अश्विनी कुमार, धनवंतरी जैसे ऋषि स्वास्थ्य संबंधित और चिकित्सा के रहस्यों को ढूंढने और उसे सर्वसाधारण के लिए प्रस्तुत करने में संलग्न थे। नागार्जुन, हारीत, सुषेण जैसे रसायन विद्या के विकास और विस्तार में जुटे हुए थे। विश्वकर्मा सतोधन जैसे ऋषियों ने शिल्प एवं वास्तुकला के संबंध में जो खोजा, उससे विश्व- सौन्दर्यमें असाधारण वृद्धि हुई। नारद, उपमन्यु, उद्दालक जैसे ऋषि स्वर-शास्त्र के सामगान के पारंगत थे, उन्होंने गायन- वाद्य की कला के मर्मों से जनमानस को आंदोलन किया और उसके रसास्वादन का विधि विधान समझाया।

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“84 लाख योनियाँ और मुक्ति”

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agriculture is one field which has a high impact on life and economic status of human beings. Improper management leads to loss in agricultural products. Farmers lack the knowledge of disease and hence they produce less production. Kisan call canters are available but do not offer service 24*7 and sometimes communication too fail. Farmers are unable to explain disease properly on call need to analysis the image of affected area of disease. Though, images and videos of crops provide better view and afro scientists can provide a better solution to resolve the issues related to healthy crop yet it not been informed to farmers. It is required to note that if the productivity of the crop is not healthy, it has high risk of providing good and healthy nutrition. Due to the improvement and development in technology where devices are smart enough to recognize and detect plant diseases. Recognizing illness can prompt faster treatment in order to lessen the negative impacts on harvest. This paper therefore focuses upon plant disease detection using image processing approach This work utilizes an open dataset of 5000 pictures of unhealthy and solid plants, where convolution system and semi supervised techniques are used to characterize crop species and detect the sickness status of 4 distinct classes.

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Identifying diseases of leaf.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The centuries-old discipline of traditional medicine has accompanied humanity in its struggle against illness and pursuit of a healthy lifestyle for a very long time. The Chinese, Indian, and African traditional systems of medicine are among the most well-known examples of how indigenous people have used their distinct approach to healing for ages. medical systems. Traditional medicine is any age-old, culturally-based healthcare practice that deviates from modern science and is mainly passed down orally by groups of people from different cultural backgrounds. The World Health Organisation (WHO) notes that although it is challenging to give a single definition to the diverse variety of characters and components of traditional medicine, having one in place is crucial. This leads the author to the conclusion that traditional medicines diverse health practices, approaches, knowledge, and beliefs incorporating plant, animal, and mineral-based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual methods, and workouts used alone or in conjunction to promote health as well as to assist in the prevention, treatment, and diagnosis of disease. Transdermal patches are medicated adhesive patches that are put on the skin to transport medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. A transdermal drug delivery system is characterized as topically delivered pharmaceuticals in the form of patches that, when placed on the skin, distribute the drug at a specified and regulated rate via the skin. Transdermal patches distribute the medicine via the skin in a regulated and predefined manner, increasing the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment while decreasing adverse effects. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) can transfer the medication via the skin portal to systemic circulation at a predefined pace over a lengthy period, allowing for controlled drug release. The drugs must be able to enter the skin and reach the target spot for an efficient Transdermal drug delivery device.

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anti inflammatory activity and the patch details

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Non-Performing Assets

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Non-Performing Assets

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Obstetric emergencies, feto-maternal outcomes

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This study investigates the cash management practices of RANE BRAKES LINING LIMITED, a prominent player in the automotive components industry, to evaluate the effectiveness of its liquidity management, cash flow forecasting, and working capital optimization. Using financial data analysis and interviews with finance personnel, the research examines cash inflow and outflow efficiency, cash policies, and their impact on financial performance. Key methods include ratio analysis, trend analysis, and qualitative insights. The findings highlight robust cash management practices with potential for improvements in liquidity and operational efficiency. Recommendations focus on enhancing cash flow processes and forecasting for long-term financial stability and operational excellence.

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cash flow management, liquidity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study focuses on the development and evaluation of a Flurbiprofen-loaded ethosomal gel for improved anti-inflammatory efficacy. Ethosomes, advanced vesicular carriers composed of phospholipids and ethanol, were selected to enhance the skin permeability of Flurbiprofen. The ethosomal gel was formulated using a systematic design and optimization approach, including parameters such as ethosome size, drug encapsulation efficiency, and gel viscosity. The optimized formulation exhibited superior skin penetration properties, as confirmed by in vitro permeability studies. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using an animal model of inflammation, demonstrating significantly enhanced efficacy compared to conventional formulations. The study highlights the potential of ethosomal gels as an efficient topical delivery system for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, offering a promising alternative for managing inflammatory conditions. The present study explores the development of a Flurbiprofen-loaded ethosomal gel, targeting enhanced transdermal delivery and anti-inflammatory efficacy. Flurbiprofen, a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), often encounters challenges in skin permeability and systemic side effects when administered orally. Ethosomes, advanced nanocarriers comprising phospholipids, ethanol, and water, were employed to improve the drug's bioavailability through the skin. The ethosomal vesicles were prepared using the cold method and systematically optimized by varying the phospholipid concentration, ethanol content, and sonication time. Characterization of ethosomes revealed nanoscale vesicle size (ranging from 100-200 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (>80%), and optimal stability over time. The ethosomal suspension was incorporated into a carbopol-based gel matrix to create the final topical formulation. Evaluation of the ethosomal gel included rheological analysis, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo skin permeation studies. The optimized gel formulation demonstrated sustained drug release and significantly improved skin permeation compared to conventional Flurbiprofen gels. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The ethosomal gel exhibited superior edema inhibition, indicating enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The study concludes that the Flurbiprofen-loaded ethosomal gel offers a promising topical delivery system for effective management of inflammatory conditions, reducing systemic side effects and improving patient compliance. Future research may focus on clinical evaluation and exploring its potential for delivering other therapeutic agents.

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Flurbiprofen, Ethosomal gel, Anti-inflammatory Activity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Aging is marked by predictable biological changes,leading to increased disease susceptibility. However,aging is not uniform,with different organs aging at varying rates due to factors like genetics,lifestyles and environmental exposures. Elderly patients frequency present to ED with nonspecific signs of infection and fluid loss,yet there is limited research on their management. The aim of this study is to know the importance and significance of assessing the initial BP of the patient,lactate level,IVC measurement,fluid challenge response to shock,need for vasopressor,need for MDICU admission and outcome of the patient.A single center,observational prospective study was conducted in ED of PRS Hospital, Trivandrum under Dr.Ashish Salim's guidance with ethical clearance from Institutional Human Ethics Committee. Date were collected over two years of from 150 hypotensive patients aged 65 and above,with systolic BP<100mm.hg or diastolic BP<60mm.hg. Patients not admitted, discharged or without hypotension were excluded. Data sources included decoder sheets and patient records.

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Hypotension,POCUS,IVC, Lactate,

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The Ichamati River in West Bengal, India, is undergoing rapid environmental deterioration due to both human activities and natural processes. This study examines the current state of the river, focusing on water quality, land use changes, and the socio-economic effects on nearby communities. Data was collected through field surveys and supplemented with secondary data from reliable sources. GIS techniques were applied to map and analyse spatial patterns of degradation, pinpointing areas most affected. The study highlights critical issues such as high pollution levels, altered hydrodynamics, and negative consequences for agriculture, fisheries, and public health. Based on the findings, the research proposes sustainable solutions, including enhanced waste management practices, policy reforms, and community-driven efforts. This work underscores the need for a comprehensive management approach to rehabilitate the Ichamati River and serves as a model for addressing similar issues in other river systems.

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Ichamati river, River degradation, West Bengal hydrology, Declining river, Environmental Impact

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Marine pollution is a global problem that has a significant impact on coastal communities. The Cochin region in India is no exception. The region is home to a major port and a number of industries, which generate a significant amount of pollution. This pollution has a number of negative impacts on the environment, including: the destruction of coral reefs, the death of marine life, and the contamination of seafood. The Indian government has a number of laws and regulations in place to control marine pollution. However, these laws are often not enforced effectively. This is due to a number of factors, including: a lack of resources, corruption, and a lack of public awareness. This project will examine the legal framework for marine pollution control in India, with a special focus on the challenges faced by the Cochin region. The project will also explore possible solutions to these challenges. The findings of this project will be used to develop recommendations for improving the management of marine pollution .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Marine pollution, coastal communities, Cochin region , destruction of coral reefs, legal framework for marine pollution control in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sri Lanka has been a developing country for many years. Since its independence from British colonialism. Thirty years of war between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE organizations dealt a severe blow to Sri Lanka's economy. The economic development of a country is determined by the food security of a country. It is right to food. At a time when Sri Lanka, which was affected by Covid-19, which is a hot spring, is still facing an economic crisis, the economy began to collapse due to the overnight carbonization of rice farming in Sri Lanka. That huge collapse led Sri Lanka to food insecurity. Food insecurity is the condition of not having access to sufficient food, or food an adequate quality, to meet one's basic needs. From the unborn fetus to the elderly, Sri Lanka has become a victim of food insecurity. This had a great influence on the Sri Lankan school community. The future generation of the country is the student community of Sri Lanka. The Polonnaruwa District was one of the most important lifelong strategies for farming. The school community in that district became a sure victim of food insecurity. This study is about the worsening food insecurity in Sri Lanka. (A study based on school children in Polonnaruwa district) The overall objective is to investigate whether there is worsening food insecurity in Sri Lanka or not. The researcher used some interviews and discussions as qualitative data and the questionnaire as quantitative data and also expect to use both primary and secondary data for this research. Primary grade teachers (grade 1 to grade 5 teachers) represent three schools in the Polonnaruwa district including Thamankaduva Division, Dimbulagala Division, and Welikanda Division. Finally, the researcher shows the findings of this research are regarding to the wider study that it is clear that insecurity can be seen in Sri Lanka and its negative impact affects the school community physically, mentally, and in other ways. It appears to be the main cause of creating various social problems in the future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Carbonization, Food insecurity, Impact, Worsening

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Collagen, a vital structural protein found abundantly in connective tissues, has garnered significant attention in biomedical research due to its diverse applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery systems. Traditional methods of collagen extraction often involve harsh chemical treatments, leading to protein denaturation and reduced biological activity. This thesis explores innovative approaches to collagen protein extraction, focusing on techniques that preserve structural integrity and enhance bioactivity. The literature review highlights recent advancements in collagen extraction methods, including enzymatic hydrolysis and supercritical fluid extraction, which offer superior yield, purity, and retention of bioactivity compared to conventional methods. Methodological approaches for each extraction technique are detailed, outlining specific parameters and analytical methods for evaluating collagen quality. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of novel extraction methods in producing high-quality collagen with enhanced bioactivity, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and cell culture assays. Comparative analysis reveals the advantages of enzymatic hydrolysis and supercritical fluid extraction over traditional chemical methods, Creating a foundation for their broad acceptance and use in biomedical research and clinical applications. The findings of this thesis contribute to the advancement of collagen extraction technologies, providing researchers and provide clinicians with important insights into optimizing collagen production for various biomedical applications. Potential areas for future research involve investigating novel biomaterial formulations and scaffolding techniques to harness the full therapeutic potential of collagen in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This thesis explores recent advancements in collagen extraction techniques, with a focus on strategies aimed at optimizing yield, purity, and functional properties for biomedical applications. A comprehensive review of the literature elucid ates the evolution of collagen extraction methodologies, highlighting the strengths and the constraints of conventional approaches and the emergence of innovative methods that show potential for overcoming existing barriers. Enzymatic hydrolysis, a non-destructive method employing specific proteases to cleave peptide bonds within collagen molecules, has become popular due to its capability to produce high-quality collagen with minimal degradation and superior bioactivity. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), utilizing CO2 as a solvent under controlled pressure and temperature conditions, offers a solvent-free and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional extraction methods, resulting in collagen products of exceptional purity and stability. Methodological insights and experimental findings from comparative studies underscore the advantages of enzymatic hydrolysis and SFE over traditional chemical methods, demonstrating their efficacy in preserving the structural integrity and biological functionality of collagen. Analytical techniques such as SDS-PAGE, FTIR spectroscopy, and cell-based assays provide valuable insights into the composition, conformation, and bioactivity of extracted collagen, enabling researchers to optimize extraction protocols and customize collagen-based biomaterials for specific biomedical application.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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EXTRACTION OF PROTEIN CONTENT FROM COLLAGEN

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research endeavors to develop & validate a robust method for Doxofylline & Ambroxol Hydrochloride tablets utilizing UV- Spectroscopy & RP-HPLC. the study encompasses comprehensive investigations into method development & Validation protocols. The research begins with an introduction to method development & validation, elucidating various spectroscopy & chromatography techniques, UV Spectroscopy & HPLC instrumentation & analytical methodologies. through literature survey reveals existing methods for drug, laying the groundwork for subsequent experimentation. subsequent chapters delve into the drug profile, including its physical characteristics, structure, solubility, pharmacological action & ADME properties. The Aim & Objectives of the study are outlined, followed by detail exploration of experimental procedure conducted during method development. various approaches to UV-Spectroscopy & HPLC method development are explored, with a focus on optimizing chromatographic condition. the validation protocol is meticulously outlined, covering specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness & robustness parameters. result including method development, optimizing chromatographic condition & standard concentration are presented. In conclusion, the validated method emerges as a reliable tool for Doxofylline & Ambroxol Hydrochloride tablets, offering specificity, precision, linearity, robustness & ruggedness. this research contributes to advancement of pharmaceutical quality control processes, ensuring the safety & efficacy of DOX & AMB formulation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Anti-asthmatic, bronchodilator, mucolytic, Expectorant

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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"An Assessment of the Effects of Logistics Management Practices on Organizational Performance: A Case Study of VRL Logistics Ltd, Visakhapatnam, India" explores how logistics management practices influence the overall performance of the organization. In recent years, logistics companies, including VRL Logistics Ltd, have made significant improvements in their logistics management strategies. This study specifically aims to assess the impact of various logistics management systems--such as inventory, warehouse, transportation, and information management--on the performance of VRL Logistics Ltd in Visakhapatnam, India. The study was conducted using a sample of 36 participants, which included staff from various departments, drivers, and senior officials at VRL Logistics. A stratified sampling technique was used to ensure representation from different organizational levels. Interviews were conducted using purposive and convenience sampling methods. Data analysis was carried out using statistical tools such as frequency analysis, mean deviation, standard deviation, correlation, and regression analysis to infer relationships between logistics practices and performance. The findings show that strong information management systems and warehouse automation greatly boost VRL Logistics Ltd's internal and external processes, improving accuracy, speed, and reducing waste. Efficient transport management also speeds up and lowers costs for distribution. However, warehouse management needs further improvement. Overall, VRL excels in logistics practices like inventory and transportation but must refine its systems to overcome challenges and maintain its competitive edge.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inventory Management System (IMS),Information Management System (InMS), Transportation Management System (TMS), Warehouse Management System (WMS), Logistics & Supply Chain Management (L&SCM), Supply Chain and Logistics (SC&L), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), Limited (Ltd), Point of sale (POS), Research and Development (R&D), Radio Frequency Identification (RFI), Stock Keeping Unit (SKU), Standard Deviation (Std.Dev), Mean Deviation (M.Dev) ,Or

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The focus of this paper is to bring out the conflicting areas between IPRs and traditional knowledge as well as to find out the ways to protect traditional knowledge from misappropriation. For this, purpose the paper starts by defining traditional knowledge and moves on to describing its nature and scope. The significance of traditional knowledge is highlighted by considering it to be right of indigenous people to maintain their culture and identity. It also gives the international framework on traditional knowledge. Indian law related to the same has also been covered in a comprehensive manner. The capacities of all legislations governing intellectual property in India to protect TK are analyzed. The drawbacks of the legislations are also included; the aim of doing so is it elaborate that how these legislations are not sufficient to protect TK against misappropriation. The paper also gives an overview of the local laws and policies related to traditional knowledge. The benefits and contribution of traditional knowledge in the development of country is also explained.

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TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND FARMERS' RIGHTS MOVING FROM INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS TO COMMUNITY RIGHTS: AN ANALYSIS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present study was focused to design, synthesize, characterize, molecular docking study and biological evaluation of benzimidazole containing 4H-chromen-4-one derivatives. The purity of synthesized compounds was determined by Melting Point and TLC using Ethyl Acetate: Petroleum Ether (50:50) as solvent system. The structures of synthesized compounds were determined by carrying out by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectral analysis. The preliminary QSAR studies and docking studies were carried out various software's such as AUTODOCK software version 4.2 working system against target enzyme MAP Kinase. The designed and synthesized derivatives were evaluated and found to be potent by producing biological activity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Benzimidazole containing 4H-chromen-4-one , Ethyl acetate, Petroleum Ether, FT-IR, HNMR, Autodock, MAP Kinase.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The development of novel excipients for sustained drug release has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a spray-dried chitosan-gelatin composite as a potential excipient for sustained drug release. Chitosan, a biodegradable polymer with mucoadhesive properties, was combined with gelatin, a biocompatible and water-soluble protein, to develop a composite excipient capable of modulating drug release profiles. The chitosan-gelatin composite was prepared using a spray-drying technique to enhance its physical stability and ensure uniform particle size distribution. Various ratios of chitosan and gelatin were optimized based on physicochemical characteristics such as moisture content, particle size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiency. Drug loading was performed using model drugs, and the drug release profiles were analyzed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Characterization of composite was performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to confirm the successful interaction between chitosan and gelatin and to evaluate thermal stability. The release kinetics of the model drugs demonstrated that the composite exhibited a sustained release pattern over a period of 24 hours, following non-Fickian diffusion. In conclusion, spray-dried chitosan-gelatin composites show promise as multifunctional excipients, offering a controlled release mechanism, enhanced drug stability, and biocompatibility, making them suitable candidates for future pharmaceutical formulations. Further in vivo studies are recommended to evaluate their efficacy and safety in clinical settings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sustained release drug delivery system, Preformulation, Paracetamol And Diclofenac.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract We use the variation in the timing of conflict between countries using a difference-in- differences matching strategy to identify the impacts of armed conflict on years of schooling and educational inequality. We draw upon data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and the Ethnic Power Relations databases, which enable us to distinguish between ethnic and non- ethnic conflicts. Further, we are able to identify the effect of conflict onset as well as the incidence of conflict in years following onset. Our results provide evidence that the introduction of any conflict worsens educational attainment and exacerbates pre-existing inequalities thereof. This paper also shows that conflict effects are more pronounced when ethnic in nature and that attainment and inequality outcomes worsen as conflicts persist over time. Our results are robust to different regression specifications and propensity score matching algorithms. Keywords: Armed Conflict, Ethnic Conflict, Educational Attainment, Educational Inequality, Difference-in-Differences, Propensity Score Matching

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Keywords: Armed Conflict, Ethnic Conflict, Educational Attainment, Educational Inequality, Difference-in-Differences, Propensity Score Matching

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Animal welfare is the result of physical and psychological well-being and is expected to occur if animals are free: (1) from hunger, thirst and malnutrition, (2) from discomfort, (3) from pain, (4) to express normal behavior, and (5) from fear and distress. Nevertheless, well-being is not a constant state but rather the result of certain brain dynamics underlying innate motivated behaviors and learned responses. Thus, by understanding the foundations of the neurobiology of behavior we fathom how emotions and well-being occur in the brain. Herein, we discuss the potential applicability of this approach for animal welfare. First, we provide a general view of the basic responses coordinated by the central nervous system from the processing of internal and external stimuli. Then, we discuss how those stimuli mediate activity in seven neurobiological systems that evoke innate emotional and behavioral responses that directly influence well-being and biological fitness. Finally, we discuss the basic mechanisms of learning and how it affects motivated responses and welfare. Understanding the foundations of the neurobiology of behavior and well-being can help us better achieve animal welfare. Behavior is the expression of several physiological, endocrine, motor and emotional responses that are coordinated by the central nervous system from the processing of internal and external stimuli. In mammals, seven basic emotional systems have been described that when activated by the right stimuli evoke positive or negative innate responses that evolved to facilitate biological fitness. This review describes the process of how those neurobiological systems can directly influence animal welfare. We also describe examples of the interaction between primary (innate) and secondary (learned) processes that influence behavior. Keywords: well-being, neurobiology, learning, emotions, Panksepp, welfare

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: well-being, neurobiology, learning, emotions, Panksepp, welfare

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The term remote sensing is often wrongly applied to satellite-borne imaging of the earth's surface only. Remote sensing is the common name for all methods used to collect data at a distance from the object under study by some kind of recording device. The use of remote sensing techniques is increasing rapidly, finding new fields of application as technology advances in developing the remote sensing systems. The aim with this paper is not to fully review existing remote sensing methods but rather to introduce the concept of remote sensing to the reader. It will provide a foundation to the understanding of the principles of remote sensing needed when working with applications of this technique. The emphasis will be on satellite sensor remote sensing but some aspects of traditional photographic remote sensing and aerial photography using digital aerial cameras will also be treated.

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KEY WORDS:- REMOTE SENSING , GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Pre experimental design was adopted for this study. A review of literature was done on studies related to separation anxiety, studies related to art therapy and studies related to separation anxiety and art therapy. The conceptual framework adopted for this study was based on the model of General System Theory of Karl Ludwig Von Bertalanffy, in order to achieve the objectives of the study. The Research design adopted was pre test post test only design. The tool adopted for the study is standardized "Spence children's separation anxiety scale". The tool was validated by 4 experts. A pilot study was conducted before under taking the main study. The main study was conducted in bimr Hospital, gwalior,Madhyapradesh., among 100 children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select for study purpose. The study lasted for a period of 11 weeks ., Art therapy at the duration of 20 minutes/day for 3 days. Demographic data was collected from the subjects. The data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, the hypothesis was tested, the objectives were achieved and the result was presented. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY The findings of the study revealed that in the pre test, majority 4 (4%) of children had some separation anxiety, 28(28%) of children had very high level of separation anxiety and 68(68%) had high level of separation anxiety among 3-7 yrs hospitalized children. And whereas in the post test after the line art Drawing Art therapy majority 18(18%) often had some separation anxiety and 82(82%) of there showed no evidence of little separation anxiety among 3-7 yrs hospitalized children. The result showed that the pre test mean score of separation anxiety among hospitalized children was 32.94 with S.D 4.062 and the post test mean score of separation anxiety was 14.04 with S.D 6.363. The calculated paired't' value = 3.3938 was found to be statistically significant at p<0.0001 level. This clearly indicates that after the administration of Art Therapy the post test level of separation anxiety was considerably reduced among hospitalized children and this clearly indicates that Art therapy was found to be effective in reducing the separation anxiety among hospitalized children. The demographic variables of the hospitalized children had shown no statistically significant association with the post-test level of separation anxiety among 3-7 yrs hospitalized children. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the effectiveness of art therapy in reducing the separation anxiety among 3-7 yrs hospitalized children, and thereby improves the quality care during hospital stay. Study findings showed that after the administration of Art Therapy among 3-7 yrs hospitalized children there was a significant reduction in the level of separation anxiety and thus promoted the cooperation of children with nurses. Separation Anxiety is one of the most common experiences of every hospitalised child; it adversely affects the course of hospital stay and affects the quality of nursing care as well. Art therapy reduces the separation anxiety in the hospitalised child. Thus nurses can give art therapy to children who are hospitalized, as it is one of the best, non-pharmacological and cost effective intervention proved to reduce separation anxiety among hospitalized children.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Art therapy, separation anxiety

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Music Therapy on depression among senior citizens at selected old age home in Shree Ram Senior Citizen.. The present study was conducted at " Shree Ram Senior Citizen old aged home" in Lucknow. Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used for this study. Result: o The maximum numbers of elderly people, 54% were in age group of 60 to 70 years o The proporation of 50 elderly people, 56% was females o The proporation of 50 elderly peoples, 74% was married o The proporation of 50 elderly people, 72% were uneducated. o The major findings of the study showed that the pretest mean score (21.78) 73.33% and posttest mean score was (15.82) 53.33% o The pretest depression score was no depression 0%, mild depression 32%, moderate and severe depression 68%. It was higher than the posttest score. Whereas, the post test score was no depression 12%, mild depression was 66% moderate and severe depression was 22%. o It revealed that laughter therapy was found to be effective in reducing the depression among elderly people. o The findings of the study showed that there is significant association between the level of depression and demographic variables (age) at p <0.05 level. o There is no association among found between the level of depression and demographic variables sex, marital status, educational status, health status and number of children of elderly people at p > 0.05 level.

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EFFECTIVENESS ,MUSIC THERAPY, DEPRESSION , SENIOR CITIZEN , OLD AGE HOME

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Key Words:- Impact, Enlightenment, Ideas , French Revolution Movements

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study presents the design and evaluation of a solar-powered water purification system equipped with a single-axis tracking mechanism. Access to clean drinking water is a critical global challenge, particularly in regions lacking conventional water infrastructure. Solar-powered purification systems offer a sustainable solution by utilizing abundant solar energy to ensure safe drinking water. The proposed system integrates photovoltaic panels, advanced water purification technologies, and a single-axis tracking system to optimize solar energy absorption, improving overall energy efficiency. Key components include solar panels for energy generation, batteries for energy storage, filtration and disinfection units, and the tracking mechanism for continuous solar panel orientation adjustments throughout the day. The modular and scalable design of the system allows for adaptability to diverse purification needs and deployment scenarios. Analytical studies and simulation models assess the system's performance under varying environmental conditions, including solar irradiance and water quality parameters. The results highlight the system's efficiency in energy generation and water purification, offering a reliable and flexible approach to addressing clean water shortages.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Photovoltaic (PV) Panels, Single-Axis Tracking System, Batteries, Water Purification Modules, Control System, Pumps and Pipes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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SCHEDULED TRIBES,POVERTY ALLEVIATION,EFFECTIVENESS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Improvement in health status has become a foremost priority for the reason that health is an indispensable component of an individual's well-being. It greatly enhances the productivity, efficiency and abilities of an individual, enabling him in leading a quality life. This study has been carried out to analyze the influence of health expenditure on the economic performance of BIMARU states. Numerous studies have concluded that the performance of BIMARU states is negatively impacting the GDP growth rate. Because better health opportunities strengthen human capital, which contributes to economic performance, it is critical to assess health spending in these states. The ARDL bound test model is applied in this paper to look into the relationship from 2004 to 2019. The empirical findings suggest that there is a positive long-run relationship between health expenditure and economic growth of BIMARU states.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Health Expenditure, Economic performance, BIMARU states, ARDL model

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Traditional medicines of all over the world possess different virgin remedies for the treatment of symptomatology's related to many ailments. Thus, they are very important for investigation on their efficacy and phytochemical constituents. There are several edible fruits and spices proposed in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM). Present study conducted to review these fruits and spices and found evidence for their efficacy and biological mechanisms. In future, there are many compounds may be isolated from Phoenix dactylifera and biological activities of those isolated compounds and the toxicities, if any, also would be judged as follows by performing TLC study. On several extracts it is found that Phoenix dactylifera contains lots of compounds and the leaf has different variety of activities on human body to cur evarious type of diseases. So, several other methods are required to extract more compounds. Extensive research is required to assess the biological activities of the isolated compounds along their toxicity studies. Spectroscopic techniques may help in elucidation of their structures and quantitative structure activity relationship may be tried to synthesize the analogs from where we may get less toxic drug for future use.

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TO CARRY OUT THE AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF PEPTIC ULCER VIA PHARMACOGNOSTIC STUDIES OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA & PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF MUSA SAPIENTUM

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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o Atorvastatin is a synthetic cholesterol-lowering agent called HMG-CoA (3 hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitor.This enzyme is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis by catalyzing the conversion reaction of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. o After oral administration alone, atorvastatin is rapidly absorbed; maximum plasma concentrations occur within 1 to 2 hours. Extent of absorption increases in proportion to atorvastatin dose. o The absolute bioavailability of atorvastatin (parent drug) is approximately 14% and the systemic availability of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity is approximately 30%. The low systemic availability is attributed to low solubility, presystemic clearance in gastrointestinal mucosa and/or hepatic first-pass metabolism o So to eleviate these problems there are three basic appeoaches 1. Reduce the drug dose 2. Increase the drug bioavailability and 3. To reduce the presystemic drug metabolism/ clearence Such above mentioned approaches can be opted by many formulation strategies; one of them is self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). o Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, surfactant and co- surfactant that form fine oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion when introduced into aqueous medium under gentle agitation

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SEDDS,SURFACTANT,HMG-CO,ATORVASTATIN,BIOAVALIABILITY.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

CHARACTERIZATION OF ECONAZOLE NIOSOMES GEL PREPARED WITH VARIOUS NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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CHARACTERIZATION OF ECONAZOLE NIOSOMES GEL PREPARED WITH VARIOUS NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FOR ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition