Conference Proceeding - INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCE (IRMAS 2024)
Volume 11 | Issue 1

 Abstract

Clitoria ternatea have uncovered its potential therapeutic properties viz. anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. These attributes hold promise for the management of various health conditions. Furthermore, extracts derived from the plant find application in cosmetics and personal care products, owing to their antioxidant properties and potential benefits for the skin. Ongoing studies into the medicinal properties of Clitoria ternatea hint at its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical development. In the present study, aqueous and ethanol extract were prepared of all the parts viz. flower, fruits and leaves of Clitoria ternatea plant. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extract was conducted along with phytochemical tests. The plant's aqueous extract of flower part showed the maximum zone of the inhibition against S. aureus. Fruits and Leaves aq. extract showed minimum zone of inhibition against S. aureus. As of the plants aqueous extract of the flower and leaves showed no zone of inhibition against E.coli, the fruits showed maximum zone of inhibition against E.coli. For plant extracts against klebsiella, the aqueous extract of fruits showed maximum zone of inhibition compared to flower and leaves aq. extract. On analyzing the plant's ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus, it became evident that the flower displayed the widest inhibition zone, while no inhibition zone was observed in the fruits, and the leaves exhibited the smallest inhibition zone. Similarly, with the antimicrobial activity plant's ethanol extract against pathogens, the ethanol extract of flower part displayed a prominent inhibition zone against E.coli, Klebsiella and S. aureus as compared to leaves and fruits ethanol Extract.

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Clitoria ternatea, antimicrobial activity, phytochemicals

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Neem (Azadirachta indica) plant leaves possess medicinal properties. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrated good stabilizing agent due to its reducing and capping nature. After six hours' incubation of silver nanoparticle synthesis showed peak and stabilization. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with aqueous leaf extract of Neem leaves exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhi. Diameter of zone of inhibition (mm) was more with S. typhi than E. coli and B. subtilis.

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), aqueous leaf extract of neem leaves U.V spectrophotometer, E. coli, B. subtilis and S. typhi

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In the day to day life increases the use of plastic these causing hazard effects to environment to reduce these problem using biodegradable plastic. Bacterial poly-?-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural, biodegradable polymer, which is accumulated in the cells as an energy reserve material due to depletion of nitrogen or phosphorous in the presence of excess carbon source. This polymer is excellent alternative to the non-degradable petroleum-based plastics. In this study, isolated and identified halophilic PHB producers. The 4 PHB synthesizing microbial strain was isolated from Mumbai Juhu Beach Maharashtra India and they screened by Sudan black B staining method. All four strains were the MA1 and NA2 shows high amount of PHB these two isolates were further biochemically and molecularly identified by National Chemical Laboratory Pune (CSIR) MS India. Analysis of 16s rRNA gene sequence of the two strains revealed 99.86% and 99.51% similarity to that of Halomonas salifodinae and Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. The pure cultures of isolates were preserved on slant for further use.

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 Keywords

PHB, Marine water, Bioplastics, Halomonas salifodinae, Bacillus licheniformis.

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The Covid-19 timeline data of the Maharashtra state is used to analyse pandemic situation. The datasets are obtained from the website of Indian Statistical Institute, Bangalore Centre and analysed with python graphics libraries. Covid-19 data for the Raigad district was obtained from the webpage of district collector office. Strongly correlated variables like total deaths, total cases, population, GDP (Gross Domestic Product) etc. has been studied.

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COVID-19, GDP per capita, total deaths, age, states

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Both ribosomal and non-ribosomal antibiotics are produced in enormous quantities by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It's possible that the large percentage of strains that produce antimicrobial chemicals has an ecological function, acting as a barrier against new strains entering an established microbial community. Microorganisms are incredibly effective at producing a wide variety of bioactive substances. Actinomycetes are among the many species of bacteria that have been demonstrated to produce a wide range of antibiotics. It is still profitable to investigate the screening of bacteria from alkaline habitats or those cultivated under harsh cultural settings. When specific bacteria were cultured in an alkaline medium with high alkalinity (pH 9 to 10.5), certain novel antibiotics were developed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial potential of a bioactive compound produced by thermoalkalophilic Bacillus subtilis from a water sample at a hot spring in Unkeshwar, Tq. Kinwat, Dist. Nanded (Maharashtra) against a variety of microorganisms, including P. aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus species, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus.

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Thermoalkalophilic, bioactive compound, actinomycetes.

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Environmental biotechnology refers to the use of microorganisms to improve the environmental quality and so far it has focused on the development of technologies to clean up the aquatic, terrestrial and aerial environment. This article is an overview of environmental applications of biotechnology. Environmental remediation, pollution prevention, detection and monitoring with regard to the achievements are among the perspectives in the development of biotechnology. A variety of relevant topics have been chosen to illustrate each of the main areas of environmental biotechnology: wastewater treatment, soil treatment and treatment of gaseous pollutants, using microbiological processes. The distinct role of environmental biotechnology in the future would be to contribute with new solutions and directions in the remediation of polluted environments, to minimize future waste release, and to create pollution prevention alternatives.

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Environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, remediation

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Lentil is a main crop of India. It is the oldest commonly consumed legumes in India. They contain all the nutrient require for growth like carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, fibers. But this lentil plant root get affected by the fusarium fungus. Out of fusarium fungus family fusarium oxysporum infect to lentil plant. It causes the fusarium wilt disease in lentil plant and completely damage thse plant. To overcome this problem different management strategies have been employed. Chemical are effective in managing Fusarium wilt, but are non-economics and non-ecofriendly. So to overcome this problem bioactive agent have been used, particularly plant extracts (Chand, and Singh, 2005). These phytoextract prom Neem, Garlic and Ginger show antifungal activity against Fusarium wilt dieses.

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 Keywords

lentil plant, fusarium wilt, fusarium oxysporum, phytoextract.

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Shrikhand is a semi solid, sweetish, whole milk product, prepared by lactic fermentation of milk. The curd (dahi) obtained is partially strained through a muslin cloth to remove the whey to yield chakka.. The Shrikhand was prepared from buffalo milk by supplementing with different levels of carrot powder with different treatment and the microbial quality was carried out. In present study the Shrikhand was prepared using carrot powder in different levels i.e 0% ,3%, 5%, 7% and 9% in different treatments i.e T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively .The microbiology in storages total plate count and yeast and mould was increased but treatment T4 TPC and YMC lower growth as compare to treatment T0.coliform count was absent in shrikhand during overall storage period.

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Carrot powder, Shrikhand , TPC, Yeast Mould, coliforms

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Bioconcentration factor, Ceratophyllum demersum (L.), Chromium, Eichhornia Crassipes (L.), Salim Ali Lake, Translocation factor.

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Every day depleting water table is causing hazardous effect on ecosystem in Hingoli district. It is because of excessive drainage of water by bore-wells, which is consequence of question: How to feed ever increasing human population? Present study deals with literatures of a Saint Sevalal Maharaj and Saint Tukaram Maharaj, who have shown a path to deal with such hazards and live sustainably in present scenario. Present study has also pointed out how Government's schemes like "Block the water drain the water" and building of barrages are significant in the current scenario.

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Making of sustainable habitat a need of time.

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In the present study, we have applied easiest and quicker method for extraction of methanol soluble phytochemicals. Crude extract of plant leaves of Cassia fistula Linn. Was analysed the soluble fraction of phenols using HPLC coupled to UV-Vis detector at 254 nm. Which gives different peaks at this region, it may be phenolic compounds.

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 Keywords

Cassia fistula Linn., Phytochemicals, Phenols, Extraction, HPLC

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 Abstract

Polluted air adversely introduces the harmful effects on the health of human beings. Nitrogen oxides, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Ammonia and Ozone are the major air pollutants. When the concentration of the pollutants in the air becomes high from a certain level, the resultant effects may cause a degree of difficulties regarding human health specially the severe breathing problems leading to maximum as even the deaths may occur. Water pollution occurs when a body of water is adversely affected due to the addition of large amounts of materials to the water. Sewerage water, industrial wastes and disposals are the sources of water pollution. Waterborne diseases caused by polluted drinking water are Typhoid, A moebiasis, Giardiasis, A scariasis, and Hookworm. Land pollution is the degradation of the Earth's land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping, and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. The term noise is commonly used to describe sounds that are disagreeable or unpleasant produced by acoustic waves of random intensities and frequencies. Noise from industry, traffic, homes and recreation can cause annoyance, disturb sleep and effects health. Thus, sound is a potential serious pollutant and threat to the environmental health.

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Environmental, Pollution, Health, Air, Water and Degradation.

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 Abstract

The structures related to feeding habit in Hypothalamichthys nobilis shows interesting modification reflecting herbivores feeding habits. The dentition in Hypothalamichthys nobilis fish shows interesting modifications which reflects herbivores feeding habits. Mouth is disproportionally large, lower jaws extends to past to upper jaw, The roof of the buccal cavity formed of transversally placed mucosal folds which are found to be set of papillae, roof of buccal cavity bears comb plates as a result of 'U' shaped notch is formed. Teeth are absent on lips but present in pharynx consisting a pharyngeal bone present in the formula of 0,4-4,0. Gill rakers are comb like providing filter feeding habitat. Teeth pad also observed.

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Jaws teeth, pharyngeal bone, chewing pad, gill rakers.

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The present research work was undertaken to study the ethnomedicinal practices of some medicinal plants used to cure Inflammation and swelling in Mahur range forest of Nanded district. During survey 24 flowering plants belonging to 20 families were collected and identified. Venders, local herbalists and tribals use these medicinal plant in the treatment of Inflammation and swelling. The medicinal information was collected through semi-structured interviews. It was pointed out that rhizome, root, leaves, stem bark, young shoot, seeds and stem latex are commonly used in the preparation medicines in the form of paste, powder and juice.

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Ethnomedicinal Plants, Tribals, Inflammation, swelling, Mahur forest, Maharashtra.

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E.nerifolia, antifungal activity, bioactive compound.

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Many evolutionary pathways existing of Mother Earth happening every day which run Earth. Mother Earth has been evolving many varieties at its different loci. The development of skin colour of humans with changing latitude of earth is example of the same. Same is found occurring with plants and animals according to Gloger's rule. Fishes are one of the examples of the same. Present work shows how river joining will change the fish populations evolving according to Gloger's rule and can pause possible attempts of Mother Earth'swork. But Government's policies are being made to feed increasing human population only, ignoring Mother Earth's pathways of working.

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Mother Earth, Gloger's rule.

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In our world most of the human activities effect on the environment, which causes soil pollution, water pollution, air pollution and depletion of Ozone layer is one of them. By which a hole is created into Ozone layer which affect our environment. The objective of this paper is to see the origin, cause and effect of Ozone layer depletion. CDC is one of the main reason for depletion of Ozone layer, so the U.V radiation fall on earth directly which affects environment and becomes cause of many human diseases. In future Ozone layer may recover because we can see in during lockdown without human activity Ozone layer started recovering itself.

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Ozone, Ozone layer depletion, Effect on environment, Protection, etc.

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Whey as a by-product of the cheese industry is a source of biological and functional valuable proteins. Whey, a component of milk, is co-product of cheese-making and casein manufacture in the dairy industry. India's total milk production is78 Million Metric Tons. It is utilized in following way. The fluid milk consumption of India account for about 45% of total milk production. The balance of 55% , is Converted into milk products like Ghee -28%, Dahi - 7.0%,Khoa-6.5%, Milk powder - 2.6%, Channa, Paneer-Cheese- 2.0%,Cream-0.5%, Ice cream - 0.2%, and other milk produces 1.7%. At village level the surplus milk that has no market, so this milk is converted into the indigenous milk products like Ghee, Dahi, Channa, paneer, other food delicacies.

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Ready to serve (RTS), whey, beverages, sensory evaluation, Fruit flavoured, Value addition

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The street food market has expanded quickly in emerging nations such as India. Street food sellers cook and sell food for direct human consumption on streets and in public areas, eliminating the need for additional preparation. In present study 20 samples were taken from different street food, restaurants and hotels in Akola district, Maharashtra. Microbiological analysis was performed. In all the samples bacterial growth was observed. Bacteria isolated include Salmonella typhi (3), Escherichia coli (11), Klebshiella pneumonia (5), Serratia marcescens (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Lactobacillus (5). E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi, Serratia, Lactobacillus, S. aureus showed resistant to ampicillin sensitive to streptomycin and tetracycline.

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 Keywords

Food Samples, Pathogenic bacteria, Antibiotic resistance, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens

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 Abstract

Antibiotic resistance has been increased day by day. When the Bacterial infection occurs that time multidrug treatment is used while the drugs resistance bacteria get multiply and continue to spread as a result the person remain sick. Herbal medicines are in great demand for preliminary health care due to their wide medicinal values without any side effects. In present study ESBL producing pathogenic bacteria had shown sensitivity towards Abrus precatorius leaves extract.

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Pathogenic bacteria, Abrus precatorius, ESBL, Clinical samples, Antibiotic sensitivity.

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Innovative Approach and data-driven techniques are creating greater opportunities for dairy farming. Dairy farming is becoming more possible because of data-driven approaches used in Dairy sector. Demand of milk is continuously increasing due to increasing population of the world. The consumption of the dairy products is more in developed countries as compared to developing countries. To meet this increased demand for milk and milk products of developed and developing countries, better innovative techniques for improvement in milk yield are required. It is expected that the use Cattle Monitoring Drone, Health tracking device, Robotic Milking, Rumination collars, Automatic Feed Flusher and different New techniques can assist a farmer to overcome different traditional farming challenges and increase the milk production. The usage of Data driven technology and Artificial Intelligence is predicted to aid a farmer in overcoming many conventional agricultural and livestock farming problems, which will be made easier for them by employing this approach. In this paper the author address different challenges in dairy farming has to face in their routine life. Brief introduction of dairy farming (DF) is presented with respect to the innovation in feeding, watering, diseases detecting, herd controlling through drone, production and the processes of smart dairy farming.

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innovative, internet of things, Artificial Intelligences, challenges, Dairy sector.

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Environmental toxicology is the study of the harmful effects of pollutants on ecosystems and the organisms that live within them. Environmental toxins can come from a variety of sources, including industrial processes, agricultural practices and human activities. Understanding the impacts of these toxins is essential for protecting the health of our environment and the species that rely on it. Pollutants can have a range of harmful effects on ecosystems. They can interfere with the growth, reproduction and survival of organisms, leading to declines in population numbers or even extinctions. Pollutants can also have cascading effects throughout an ecosystem, affecting not just individual organisms, but also the interactions between them.

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Toxicology, Pollutants, Ecosystem, etc.

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Aegle marmelos, a well-known Indian plant with medicinal and religious importance, has been extensively used in Indian traditional medicine. These medicinal properties are supposed to be the effect of bioactive compounds synthesised by endophytes present in it. In the present research study, endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy, symptomless tissue of stem, root, fruit, and leaves of a well-known plant of Aegle marmelos (Bael) growing in different locations of Washim city area. The samples were processed under sterilized conditions, inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar and Sobouraoud Dextrose Agar plates. The plates were incubated at room temperature for7 to 12 days. Total 20 isolates were purified and subjected for conventional identification viz. structural morphology, growth rate and conidial morphology. The predominant isolates were identified as belonging to genus Fusarium, Altrenaria, Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Cladosporium, Trichoderma etc. Most of the fungal endophytes were found as fast growing and some are moderate to slow growing endophytes. As a medicinal plant, Aegle marmelos exhibited diverse variety of fungal endophytes. Hence, Aegle marmelos plant could be explore for bioactive compounds synthesized from fungal endophytes which can be further use for therapeutic purposes.

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Aegle marmelos, fungal endophytes, bioactive compounds

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Wild fruits are a group of natural ingredients that have been widely used in traditional Indian dairy products, including yogurt, basundi, whey beverage, peda, cheese, ice cream, shrikhand, and kulfi. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the application of wild fruits in value-added dairy products. This article aims to explore the potential of incorporating local wild fruits into value-added dairy products and the necessary considerations for successful integration, allowing smallholders to capitalize on the growing demand for innovative and sustainable agricultural products. In addition, the review paper explores the major groups of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants found in wild fruits, highlighting their potential health benefits. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of exploring indigenous fruits to create innovative culinary experiences while preserving cultural heritage and promoting local agricultural resources.

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Dairy Product, Wild Fruit, Value-added, Antioxidant.

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The very hazardous metal chromium (VI) makes up a significant portion of industrial waste. In the environment, hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is highly mobile and water-soluble. Because of its continuous release into the water and the problems it causes to the environment and human health, it is a matter of serious concern in developing nations. Chromium-resistant bacteria were isolated from 15 different regions of Silvassa (UT of DNHDD), Bhilad, and Vapi (Gujarat) along the Daman Ganga River. A total of 28 chromium-resistant isolates were selected by using nutrient agar plates containing 50 mg/l of (K2Cr2O7) and primarily differentiated based on morphological characteristics. Among the 28 isolates, 22 (CrR 1, CrR 3, CrR 4a, CrR 4b, CrR 5, CrR 7, CrR 8, CrR 9, CrR 10, CrR 11, CrR 12, CrR 13, CrR 14a, CrR 14b, CrR 15a, CrR 15b, CrR 17, CrR 20, CrR 21, CrR 23, CrR 24, CrR 25) can grow well up to 1,000 mg/l of Cr (as K2Cr2O7) in nutrient broth. Native bacterial strains from sites contaminated with industrial wastewater make use of their natural capacity to change toxic heavy metals into less harmful forms and can be a useful instrument for tracking environmental heavy metal contamination.

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Industrial waste, Chromium, Damanganga

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The traditional drug consisting of leaves of Phyllantus embilica, Solanum melongena Linn., Pongamia pinnata were evaluated for toxicity and antipyretic study. The ethanol plant extracts at 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg dose dependently exhibited significant antipyretic properties during yeast induced pyretic test. No toxic effect was observed up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg during acute toxicity studies. These antipyretic properties of the extracts may be related to the presence of its active constituents especially alkaloid.

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Toxicity, Antipyretic, Phyllantus embilica, Solanum melongena Linn., Pongamia pinnata

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In the present study the blood clot lysis activity of endophytic fungi of Thevetia peruviana plant was studied.Total six endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and stem of Thevetia peruviana. All the isolated fungal endophytes belong to three different genera viz., Aspergillus spe, Penicillium spe and Fusarium spe. The research investigation revealed that Endophytic fungal isolate Aspegillus sp. showed maximum blood clot lysis than Penicillium spe and Fusarium spe.

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Studies on Blood Clot Lysis Activity of Endophytic Fundi Isolated From Thevetia Peruviana

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In recent years probiotics have gained significant attention due to their potential health benefits. Desirable probiotics exhibit various beneficial effects on host health, such as improving digestion, modulating the immune system, producing vitamins, improving nutrient absorption, and maintaining a balanced gut microbial composition. Dairy products, like cheese, yogurt, fermented milk, ice-cream etc. serve as ideal carriers for delivering probiotics to consumers. This review provides an overview of the probiotics, its desirable characteristics, the innovative fortification methods employed and the potential health benefits associated with consuming probiotic- fortified dairy products. Fortifying dairy products with probiotics enhance both the nutritional value and functional properties of the dairy products and thereby offering consumers a convenient and enjoyable way to incorporate beneficial microorganism into their diet.

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Probiotics, Fortification, Microencapsulation, Genetic Engineering

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The phytochemical screening of the medicinal plants is significant and have marketable attention in collectively research organizations and pharmaceutical companies for the progress of the novel drugs in management of various diseases. With rich biodiversity of medicinal plants in and around of Akola district of Maharashtra; the current analysis on four medicinal plants such as Achyranthus aspera, Erythrina indica Linn., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., and Rauvolfia sarpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, were carried out. The total of six phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compound, steroids, saponins and carbohydrates were trialed in two different plant extracts, showed presence and absence of their activity. While screening of phytochemicals, Ethanol (ET) and Methanol (ME) extracts were used. Conducting qualitative trial, different customary techniques were adapted in order to validate the activity of relevant chemical compounds. With qualitative phytochemical estimation, it found that 60.41% were present, however 39.58 % were absent in selected four plant species with both the extracts. Furthermore it was substantiate that the positive trails of phyto constituents detection were more specially in Erythrina indica and Rauvolfia sarpentina plant samples, on the other hand, it was less in Achyranthus aspera and Curculigo orchioides. It was found that occurrence of phytochemicals were very less detected in Achyranthus aspera comparatively than selected other plant samples in the study. All these phytochemicals have impending therapeutic or physiological actions on human system, for that the selected plant species can stand as a potential supply of some vital drugs.

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Phytochemicals, biodiversity, ethanol, alkaloids, vital drugs

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Probiotics are most beneficial microorganisms that support the balance of intestinal micro-flora and contribute in maintaining health. Probiotics are mainly obtained from dairy products. Conversely, some people are lactose intolerant and have allergies because of dairy products. Hence, it is necessary to choose a non-dairy alternative as a probiotic supplement as which Plant based milk alternatives or PBMs can be utilized. In accordance to this, the present research deals with the exploration of probiotic bacteria from the Plant Based Milk viz. Almond milk, Coconut milk, Soya milk. The study also deals with the antimicrobial activity of probiotic bacteria against MDR human pathogens viz. E.coli, Shigella, Salmonella, S.aureus, antibiotic resistance pattern of probiotic isolates and enzyme assay viz. protease, amylase, phosphate, and lipase respectively. The results depicts the presence of different Lactobacillus species, such as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis and Bifidobacterium longum in plant based milk. The probiotic isolates showed antimicrobial activity against most of the pathogens indicating its health benefits as immune boosters. The results of Antibiotic resistance showed that only Lactobacillus plantarum showed resistance against Azithromycin and Penicillin. However, maximum Lactobacillus species showed sensitivity against tested antibiotics. Most of the probiotic isolates showed positive results for enzyme assay indicating that probiotics are beneficial for digestive system. Hence, plant based milk could be consume for health benefits.

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Plant-based milk, Antimicrobial activity, Lactic acid bacteria, Pathogenic microorganism, Lactose intolerance.

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Pomegranate (Punica granatum) stands as a highly esteemed table fruit globally, cherished for its commercial, medicinal, and nutritional significance. India emerges as a key contributor to the production of pomegranates, with Maharashtra leading the nation's production. However, pomegranate growers in India face substantial economic threats due to the absence of effective control measures against diseases affecting the crop. Biological control emerges as a promising approach for managing plant diseases, necessitating the exploration of safe biocontrol agents. In light of this context, we conducted a study involving the collection of samples from pomegranate orchards in Maharashtra, focusing on leaves, fruits, buds, and branches. Our objective was to assess the bacterial population and isolate Trichoderma species from these samples to evaluate their potential as biocontrol agents for pomegranate crops. Pomegranate crops are susceptible to various bacterial and fungal pathogens, leading to a reduction in fruit market value. Traditional methods of disease control involving bactericides and fungicides pose risks to public health and are not always cost-effective. Hence, there is a growing need for safe and efficient biocontrol agents, with Trichoderma species emerging as promising candidates in this regard. In our study, we assessed the biocontrol potential of different Trichoderma species, namely Trichoderma viride RSS1, Trichoderma reesei RSS2, and Trichoderma stercorarium RSS3, against bacterial pathogens affecting pomegranate crops, including Xanthomonas axonopodis MSR1, Xanthomonas campestris MSR2, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria MSR3. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of these Trichoderma species as potential biocontrol agents against pomegranate bacterial pathogens, paving the way for sustainable disease management strategies in pomegranate cultivation.

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Pomegranate, Trichoderma species, Plants extract, Xanthomonas species, Antibacterial activity.

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 Abstract

In our country much importance is not given to the plastic recycling industry. There are no large scale industries of plastic recycling. The paper made on attempt in emphasising the economic development of any country does not mean that we should just increase GDP, attaining full employment, eradicating poverty, increasing literacy rate or any other socio-economic phenomena. In the process of economic development, it is important for countries to look after the environmental costs. The paper is about the importance of recycling in protecting the environment. Though recycling may be a simple task, it has its own importance. Recycling of plastic is the best way of reducing the production of plastic. It is reducing the usage of plastic we can protect our environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Plastic Recycling, Socio- Economic, Environmental costs

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Antimicrobial, MIC, Phytochemicals, Aegle marmelos.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In organisms, nanoparticles represent foreign elements with their own physicochemical properties, so they may interfere with the normal physiological mechanisms of the embryos, growing animals and adults. In embryos, NPs sometimes disrupt the development, bringing on malformations which can be lethal due to their small size, can easily penetrate across the cell membrane, avoiding defences mechanism. The chemical composition and physical properties of NPs can be cytotoxic. So NPs then migrate into the cell and reach organelles such as mitochondria, modifying the cell metabolism and provoking cell death, they can interfere with the cell membrane disrupting the membrane functions such as ion transport or signal transduction. The positive electronic charges of NPs can destroy membrane lipid bilayers. Surface coating of NPs can also interfere with cell structure, In vitro cultured animals tissues showed that Ag-NPs caused an oxidative stress characterised with well reactive molecules containing free oxygen radicles(reactive oxygen species or ROS), genotoxicity with DNA break or cell apoptosis. An inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase depending on concentration indicated a default of osmoregulation. At the highest concentrations (100 mg/L). Ag-NPs induced a necrosis of gill lamellae and maximum percentage of individuals died. Ti O2 - NPs provoked DNA damage with or without light.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanoparticles, toxic effects, living organisms, etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Soups are the preparations made my combining vegetables, water, spices etc. Soups are well known as starters generally served before the lunch or dinner. Due to increase in health consciousness among peoples, soups are consumed on daily basis. However, the chances of enteric pathogens in soups can't be ignored. Hence, taking this into consideration, the present research study was initiated to find the existence of human enteric pathogens in soups. In this study, instant and local soup samples were analyzed for the determination of microbial load as well as existence of enteric pathogens. Total six soup samples were collected and subjected for analysis. The findings suggest that local soup samples show high microbial load as compared to instant soups. Nearly all the local soup samples showed existence of enteric pathogens on the other hand, some of the instant soup samples showed presence of coliforms. Hence, hot soups should be consumed to avoid food borne infections and FDA guidelines should be followed while preparing, storing and serving soups.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

soups, enteric pathogens, microbial load, starters

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Milk whey is one of the products that can be separated from milk after coagulation by adding rennet or removing acid. Whey is mostly water but also contains lactose, minerals, trace amounts of fat, and non-acidic milk called whey protein. Now- a- days, research had focused the different benefits of whey with respect to industrial products, therapeutics, whey proteins etc. This study is, therefore, aimed at determining the antibacterial properties of whey against MDR human pathogenic bacteria viz., E.coli, S.aureus, Salmonella, Shigella Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella strains respectively. Three different whey samples obtained from cow, buffalo and goat milk was used for the present study. The findings suggest that the Goat milk whey was found to be effective against MDR human pathogenic bacteria followed by cow milk and buffalo milk whey. Hence, whey can be utilized for prevention and treatment of human diseases.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Milk whey, E.Coli, S.Aureus, Salmonella, Shigella Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cholesterol is a waxy substance present in all types of the body cells. The presence of higher concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is characterized by abnormal cholesterol level and is associated with cardiovascular diseases which lead to the development of atheroma in arteries known as atherosclerosis. Probiotics mean live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on their host's health. The medical world has long been interested in nutrient properties of curd. Curd is commonly used fermented milk product in India since time immemorial. In this study lactic acid bacteria were isolated from curd and their cholesterol degradation potential was investigated. Total seven lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the curd sample out of which three isolates showed cholesterol degradation ability. This isolates were identified conventionally. The cholesterol degradation was estimated by CHOD-POD enzyme method. The results showed that Lactobacillus rhamnosus exhibits maximum cholesterol degradation (84.49% decreases in cholesterol concentration). Remaining two isolates viz. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum showed 63.53% and 49.23% decrease in cholesterol concentration. Hence, probiotics could be consumed for the maintenance of cholesterol level which will prevent occurrence of heart diseases.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Probiotic Bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus, LDL, Cholesterol degradation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Dietetic brown peda prepared by using different levels of WPC, Sorbitol and Maltodextrin. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used together with a response surface methodology (RSM) to analyze and predict the optimum levels of Fat replacer and bulking agent. The model found to be significant, in linear terms WPC found to be significant in Body and texture and total score of dietetic brown peda while Sorbitol and maltodextrin found significant effect on all the sensory attributes of dietetic brown peda. The interaction effect of WPC with sorbitol and sorbitol with maltodextrin found to be significant in colour and appearance, total score of dietetic brown peda. In quadratic terms WPC had significant effect on colour and appearance, total score while sorbitol had significant effect on flavour, colour and appearance, total score of dietetic brown peda. Lack of fit for all these sensory attributes found to be non-significant which was good for the model.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fat replacer, bulking agent, dietetic brown peda, optimization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Biosurfactant are amphiphilic compounds containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Biosurfactant reduces surface and interfacial tension by accumulating between two phases. They are produced by variety of microorganism's viz. Bacteria, fungi and yeast as secondary metabolites. Due to low toxicity, biodegradability and eco-friendly nature they are commonly used in several sectors. In the present research study, biosurfactant producing isolates were isolated from oil contaminated soil sample from different locations of Washim city area. Further the isolates were screened for biosurfactant production. Primary and secondary screening method was employed for screening test. Total 07 isolates were obtained and identified on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Out of the 07 isolates 04 isolates showed positive results in primary screening and further used for secondary screening. In secondary screening it is found that, RL1 demonstrated the highest biosurfactant-producing ability. Hence it is concluded that oil contaminated soil could be a good source for the isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria. This finding could have significant implications for environmental and industrial applications, including bioremediation and oil spill control; highlight the ecological benefits of biosurfactant.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biosurfactant, Rhamnolipid, amphiphilic

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The goal of the present investigation was to identify multiple antibiotic resistance in coliform bacteria that were collected from water samples of Penganga River residing Hadgaon town. Penganga River Hadgaon site PRHS-1, PRHS -2, PRHS -3 & PRHS -4 were the four sites selected and studied Seasonal variations in total coliforms and faecal coliforms count. Monsoon season revealed the highest levels of total coliforms and faecal coliforms during the seasonal examination of the water samples, with PRHS-4 having 1800 CFU/100 ml and PRHS-2 having 220 CFU/100 ml, respectively. Using a culture-dependent methodology, the 39 isolated bacterial cultures were identified. The most common isolates from the river water samples were Citrobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., K. pneumoniae, and E. coli. Multiple antibiotic Resistance (MAR) profile of isolates studied by the antibiotic disc diffusion method and zone of inhibition (mm) was measured. Out of total 39 isolates studied, maximum isolates i.e. 80% showed resistance against penicillin whereas highest sensitivity was found against streptomycin i.e. 70% of the isolates.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Antibiotics, Resistance Profile, Disc diffusion method, coliforms.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in pomegranate farm CV Bhagwa during the murg bahar (June 2023- December 2023), nutrient enriched vermicomposting was prepared using plant growth promoting microbes including Bacillus Subtilis, azotobacter species, Frateuria Aurantia , Bacillus Polymixa , Pseudomonas Fluorescens , Trichoderma Viride. These consortia were spraying on heap of vermicompost mixed it and allowed to incubate for 21 day in shady space at aerobic condition, after each fourth day interval spaying of water and mixing were carried out using turning of vermicompost for achieved maximum growth of plant growth promoting microbes in vermicompost , The selected farm of fourth eight plants of pomegranate were treated with three treatments T1 (Organic manure 15 kg/plant + NPK 2kg/plant ), T2 , (Organic manure 15 kg/plant +Vermicompost 2 kg/plant) , T3 (Organic manure 15 kg/plant +Vermicompost 2 kg/plant+ microbial consortia). The T3 treatment gives significant results of the selected plant and shows that 28 days are required for initiation of the first flower bud as compared to other treatments (decrease day of initiation of bud). The all selected plants of treatment T3 (Organic manure 15 kg/plant +Vermicompost 2 kg/plant + microbial consortia) gives average weight of fruit is 260 grams , it also shows that plant developed resistance against fungal and nematode infection furthermore required less chemical pesticides as compared to T1 and T2 . It was concluded that the consortia of microbes in a vermicompost gives plant growth promoting substances and increases plant defence system against plant pathogens, hence this is an alternative and eco-friendly method for increasing soil fertility, maintaining microflora in rhizosphere soil and receiving safe food for human beings.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Preparation of vermicompost enriched with microbial consortia for pomegranate plant (Punica Grantum L) cv Bhagawa

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India has been witnessing a blinding pace of growth and development in recent times. There is talk of the country leapfrogging into the league of developed nations sooner than later. But this growth has raised concerns from sundry quarters as regards its basic texture and health. Experts are now calling for "sustainable development" and the term has gained currency in the last few years. In spite of fast growth in various sectors, agriculture remains the backbone of the Indian economy. This paper attempts to tackle and explore the issue of sustainable development in agriculture in India. Further it aims to compare the sustainable agriculture system with the traditional system and the current system in practice, across the dimensions of ecological, economic and social sustainability .It also tries to give long term solutions to solve the problems plaguing the system so that sustainable practices can be promoted and practiced.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sustainable Development, Agriculture, Ecological Sustainability, Economic Sustainability, Social Sustainability, etc

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Soybean cultivation has gained global recognition due to its versatility as an edible oil seed, protein source, and vegetable. The high content of free unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil has sparked interest in various industries, including pharmaceuticals. However, challenges in production and productivity have emerged due to environmental and biological factors, with diseases such as Alternaria blight posing a significant threat. Chemical fungicides have been traditionally used to manage this disease, but concerns over environmental impact and resistance have led to a search for sustainable alternatives. Biological control methods, utilizing beneficial microorganisms like Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp., show promise in effectively managing Alternaria blight in soybeans.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Soybean, Alternaria blight, Alternaria alternata, Chemical fungicides, biocontrol control, Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Lipases are triacylglycerol hydrolases used in different types of industries such as in textile industry, detergent industry, in food processing, flavor development and their quality improvement, , medicinal field, cosmetics, bakery and confectionery, tea processing, biosensors, degreasing of leather, waste or sewage treatment plants, oil biodegradation, pulp and paper industry, in biodiesel production. The higher enzyme cost limits the production of lipases by considering this the present review focuses on the processes for optimizing the enzyme production though solid state fermentation by using agro-industrial waste like oil cakes. Oil cakes are waste produced after boiling process, and generally responsible for the lowering the production cost of lipase enzyme production.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Lipases enzyme, Solid state fermentation, oil cakes, microbial lipases, optimization of lipases.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This review is to make small step towards shedding light on the staggering environmental ramifications of textile dye pollution and the imperative for innovative, sustainable dyeing methodologies. Textile dye pollution poses a formidable threat to ecosystems and water bodies, originating from the widespread use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry. These dyes, often persistent and resistant to conventional degradation processes, infiltrate aquatic environments, disrupting ecological balance and endangering aquatic life. The urgency to address this predicament has never been more apparent, as textile dye pollution continues to escalate globally. With bacterial synergies at its core, this research beckons towards a horizon where innovation, sustainability, and economic viability blend into a transformative force for industry and environment alike.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Synergies, Dye pollution, Ecological balance, sustainability, Textile industry.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the present study toxic effect of different concentrations of citric acid and acetic acid on human gut microbiome were analysed by performing antimicrobial activity adopting disc diffusion method. The results revealed that both the food preservatives viz; citric acid and acetic acid found toxic for Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, No inhibitory effect against Lactobacillus spp was recorded. It was also observed that the inhibitory effect was found directly proportional to the concentrations of food preservatives. The study will helpful to design the Biological exposure indices and suitable limit of food preservative that could be safe for human and human gut microflora.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Food Preservative, Microbiome, Antimicrobial, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus spp.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Biofloc Technology (BFT) is considered as new 'Blue Revolution' since nutrients can be continuously recycled and reused in the culture medium benefited by the minimum zero water exchange. BFT is an environment friendly Aquaculture technique based in in-situ microorganism production. Biofloc is the suspended growth in ponds/tanks which is the aggregates of living and dead particulate organic matter, phytoplankton, bacteria and grazers of the bacteria's. It is the utilization of microbial processes within the pond/tank itself to provide food resource for cultured organism while at same time acts as a water treatment remedy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biofloc technology (BFT), Useful microbes, Sources and their Role in culture medium.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection poses a significant public health concern, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) due to their increased risk of transmission. The asymptomatic nature of CT infections underscores the importance of routine screening initiatives. Diagnostic techniques, such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), remain the gold standard for CT detection. However, conventional PCR has limitations like false positivity and reduced specificity. Real-time PCR is a molecular diagnostic technique with high sensitivity and specificity. Hence the present study was designed to screen the anal swabs obtained from MSM for the presence of CT using real-time PCR. Methods: Anal swabs were obtained from the MSM population. DNA extraction was done and real-time PCR to detect outer membrane protein complex B gene was performed. Results: Out of 103 patients screened, 4 were found to be positive for CT. One among the positive patients had co-infection with syphilis. Conclusion: Rapid detection of CT using real-time PCR serves as an effective screening tool in establishing early diagnosis and initiating prompt therapy among MSM.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chlamydia trachomatis; Real time polymerase chain reaction; Men who have sex with men; diagnosis; sexually transmitted infection

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nowadays drinking water sources especially, the rivers become mode of transfer of drug resistant pathogens to human and animal. Severe infectious disease caused by drug resistant pathogen has become more difficult to treat. The human and animal excreta like urine and feces commonly consist of enteric pathogens like E. coli is one of them. The present study was carried out to investigate the presence of drug resistant E. coli from Godavari river dist. Nanded. River water sample were streak on MacConkey agar plate and incubate at 37? for 24 hours. After incubation colonies were observed and proceed for biochemical and morphological characteristics. The isolates were tested for resistance to eight commonly used antibiotics by well diffusion method. The resistance observed to cefixime, while the susceptibility was shown to remaining seven drugs. The resistant isolate is become an enough alert to save drinking water resources in future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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E. coli, Drug resistant, Godavari River.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Environmental chemistry studies the occurrence, movements, and transformations of chemicals in the living environments. It is an interdisciplinary field that studies the presence and impact of chemicals in soil, water, and living environment. It deals with the impact of chemicals and their effects on human health and organisms in the environment. It helps us trace and control contaminants. This paper provides the fundamentals of environmental chemistry and the effects of mankind's activities on the earth's chemical systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Pollution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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E. hirta, DPPH, GAE, Phenolic, Flavonoids compounds.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Piper Betel Leaves is one of the invaluable medicine plants where its leaves have been for many medicinal purposes. Ethanol, Choroform and Petroleum Ether Extract of the leaves of Piper betel L. were evaluated for antibacterial activity against three Gram positive, eight Gram negative. The Extraction of piper betel leaves taken by soxlet Assembly. The ethnaol extract was considerably more effective than chloroform and petroleum extract inhibiting the investigated microbial strains.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Piper betel, Antibacterial activity, leaves extract, Medicinal plants.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Corona virus disease 2019 is a newly emerging infectious disease which is caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spike (S) protein, which plays a key role in the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion process. Out of two subunit S1 contains a receptor-binding domain that recognizes and binds to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, while the S2 sub-unit mediates viral cell membrane fusion by forming a six-helical bundle via the two-heptad repeat domain. Exploration of potential target using PDB, ExPasy: ProtParam and Swiss Model are performed. In this present work, we have analyzed Spike S protein as potential therapeutic and vaccine candidate in control of infection. It may improve covid infection management in managing patients in reoccurrences of infections in future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, S protein, Modeling, Ramachandran plot, Drug Target.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition